In determining whether a transaction is a conditional sale or a mortgage, the controlling question is the intention of the parties as to the purpose to be effectuated. If the transfer is intended merely to secure an existing indebtedness, it is a mortgage; but if the debt is extinguished or if the money is not advanced by way of a loan, and the grantor merely has the privilege of refunding if he pleases, thereby entitling himself to a reconveyance, the transaction is a conditional sale. The mere
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF IOWA. No. 94. Argued November 23, 1888. Decided January 14, 1889. A deed of lands, absolute in form, with general warranty of title, and an agreement by the vendee to reconvey the property to the vendor, or to a third person, upon his payment of a fixed sum within a specified time, do not of themselves constitute a mortgage; nor will they be held to operate as a mortgage unless it is clearly shown, either by parol evidence