487 U.S. 977 (1988) Cited 1,405 times 7 Legal Analyses
Holding that plaintiff has burden to show that a particular employment practice "caused the exclusion of applicants for jobs or promotions because of their membership in a protected group"
401 U.S. 424 (1971) Cited 2,782 times 35 Legal Analyses
Holding that § 703(h) does not protect use of testing requirements with a disparate impact on racial minorities where the tests were not shown to be related to job performance
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2 Cited 29,433 times 173 Legal Analyses
Finding it to be unlawful for an employer to “fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discrimination against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin”