c. Provide for the sanitary protection of all drinking water supplies which are furnished to and used by the public, including the establishment of primary maximum contaminant levels, operational requirements and public notice requirements. Primary maximum contaminant levels mean a maximum contaminant level which involves a biological, chemical or physical characteristic of drinking water that may adversely affect the health of the consumer. A public water supplier means any person who owns or operates one or more public water systems. A public water system means a water supply system for the provision to the public of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances either directly from the user's free flowing outlet or indirectly by the water being used to manufacture ice, foods and beverages or that supplies water for potable or domestic purposes to employees, tenants, members, guests or the public at large in commercial offices, industrial areas, multiple dwellings or semi-public buildings including, but without limitation, rooming and boarding houses, motels, tourist cabins, mobile home parks, restaurants, hospitals and other institutions, or offers any water for sale for potable domestic purposes. A dwelling unit means 1 or more rooms arranged for the use of 1 or more individuals as a single housekeeping unit, with cooking, living, sanitary and sleeping facilities. A person shall include corporations, companies, associations, firms, municipally owned water utilities, partnerships, societies and joint stock companies, as well as individuals. In addition, the following provisions shall apply:
1. No public water system shall operate without a duly licensed public water supply operator. The Department shall have the authority to exempt the owners of seasonal public water systems, restaurants, hotels and similar businesses from the requirement to operate with a licensed public water supply operator. The Department shall have the exclusive power to grant or deny any such license and shall adopt regulations setting the requirements, including any acceptable performance or an examination for obtaining and retaining any such license. The Department shall assess an annual licensure fee of $50 per operator. A. The Department shall create an Advisory Council to assist the Secretary in implementing the requirements of 122(3)c.1.B. The Department shall have the authority to create a temporary variance program for water systems upon the loss of their operator.C. All decisions of the Secretary with regard to issuance or renewal of a variance pursuant to 122(3)c.1.B. of this section shall be final and conclusive. Where the applicant for issuance or renewal of a variance is in disagreement with the action of the Secretary, such applicant may appeal the Secretary's decision to the Superior Court within 30 days of the postmarked date of the copy of the decision mailed to the holder. The appeal shall be decided on the record and shall proceed as provided in §§ 10142-10145 of Title 29.2. The Department shall have the authority to monitor the water quality of public water systems for secondary drinking water quality standards. The Secretary shall have the authority to establish, after public hearing, minimum secondary drinking water quality standards for all public water suppliers serving more than 500 service connections within the state. In determining the total number of service connections, all public water systems operated, managed or owned wholly or in part by the public water supplier within the State shall be added together. Secondary drinking water quality standards involve a biological, chemical or physical characteristic of water that may adversely affect the taste, odor, color or appearance (aesthetics) which may affect public confidence or acceptance of the drinking water. These standards shall include but are not limited to chlorides, copper, iron, manganese, sulfate, total dissolved solids and other standards as determined by the Secretary. Such standards shall be at least as stringent as those adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under the Safe Drinking Water Act [ 42 U.S.C. § 300f et seq.]. A certificate of noncompliance shall be issued to any public water supplier that serves more than 500 service connections whose public water system violates secondary drinking water quality standards as adopted by the Department. Such certificate shall require the public water supplier to report within 60 days what measures have been or will be taken to bring the public water system into compliance. Should any public water supplier serving more than 500 service connections within the State fail, without good cause, to meet secondary drinking water quality standards pursuant to this section for a period of time greater than 7 consecutive days, or should the public water supplier have a history of a recurring problem, the Secretary shall file a report with the Public Service Commission detailing such failure or such a history of a recurring problem. The Public Service Commission may utilize the report as cause to review the public water supplier's ability to provide adequate service under its present certificate of public convenience and necessity and may also use such report as a factor in considering any application by the water system supplier's for any further certificate. In addition, for public water systems operated by public utilities which are subject to the jurisdiction of the Public Service Commission under § 203C of Title 26, the Commission may utilize such report as cause to review the appropriate rates to be charged by the utility in light of the quality of service being provided.3. The Department shall ensure that all new community and nontransient noncommunity public water systems commencing operation after October 1, 1999, demonstrate technical, managerial and financial capacity to operate in compliance with state regulations Governing Public Drinking Water Systems and the federal Safe Drinking Water Act [ 42 U.S.C. § 300f et seq.]. It is the purpose of this subparagraph to ensure that the Department has adequate information about the background of applicants or regulated parties for the purposes of processing permits. This includes the ability to identify applicants or regulated parties with histories of environmental violations or criminal activities and/or associations; or applicants who cannot demonstrate the required responsibility, expertise or competence which is necessary for the proper operation or activity permitted by the Department.4. Whoever refuses, fails or neglects to perform the duties required of public water suppliers under paragraph (3)c. of this section; or who violates, neglects or fails to comply with duly adopted regulations or orders of the Department of Health and Social Services regarding the duties of public water suppliers, shall be subject to a judicially imposed penalty of up to $10,000 per day, together with costs, for every day from and after the effective date of an order of the Department of Health and Social Services, specifically directing compliance until such compliance has been achieved. Observance of orders of the Department of Health and Social Services concerning public water suppliers may also be compelled by mandamus or injunction, in appropriate cases, or by an action to compel the specific performance of the orders so made, or of the duties imposed by law upon such public water supplier. The Department of Health and Social Services may investigate the financial operations of a public water supplier to the extent necessary to enter an adequate compliance order.5. In lieu of judicially imposed penalties, the Secretary may impose administrative penalty upon any public water supplier who refuses, fails or neglects to perform the duties required of it under paragraph (3)c. of this section. The administrative penalty shall be as follows:A. For a system serving a population of more than 10,000 people the administrative penalty shall be not less than $1,000 nor more than $10,000 per day per violation; andB. For any other system, the administrative penalty shall be not less than $100 nor more than $10,000 per day per violation. Assessment of an administrative penalty shall be determined by the nature, circumstances, extent and gravity of the violation, or violations, ability of the violator to pay, any prior history of such violations, the degree of culpability, economic benefit or savings (if any) resulting from the violation and such other matters as justice may require.
In the event of nonpayment of the administrative penalty after all legal appeals have been exhausted, a civil action may be brought by the Secretary in any court of competent jurisdiction, including any Justice of the Peace Court, for collection of the administrative penalty, including interest, attorneys' fees and costs, and the validity, amount and appropriateness of such administrative penalty shall not be subject to review.
6. Drinking water contaminant notification. --A. As used in this section, "Drinking water contaminant" means any physical chemical, biological or radiological substance or matter in drinking water, the presence of which is confirmed by 2 or more samples taken at the same location at different times, using recognized practices and procedures, which substance exceeds the minimum drinking water quality standards established in accordance with paragraph (3)c. of this section. B. Public notification of drinking water contaminants shall be categorized as either an Immediate Notice (Tier 1), Notice as soon as possible (Tier 2) or 90-day Notice (Tier 3). A Tier 1 drinking water contaminant notification is required when there is an acute risk to human health arising from the presence of drinking water contaminants in drinking water provided by a public drinking water supplier. A Tier 2 drinking water contaminant notification is required when a public water system provides drinking water containing levels of a contaminant that exceed federal or state drinking water standards, but does not pose an acute risk to human health or the public drinking water supplier fails to monitor and report water quality information to the Department in accordance with regulations. A Tier 3 drinking water notification is required when a public drinking water system provides water which otherwise does not comply with federal or state drinking water standards, but the noncompliance does not pose a risk to human health.C. In the event of a Tier 1, Tier 2 or Tier 3 drinking water contaminant incident, the public drinking water supplier shall immediately notify the Department. If the Department deems it necessary, the public drinking water supplier shall also notify its affected customers in accordance with paragraph (3)c.6.D. of this section and Department regulations and such notice shall include, to the maximum extent practicable, the following information: I. A description of the violation or situation, including contaminant levels, if applicable; II. When the violation or situation occurred; III. Recognized potential adverse health effects using standard health effects language as approved by the Division of Public Health; IV. The affected population; V. Whether alternative drinking water supplies should be used; VI. What action consumers should take; VII. What the public drinking water provider is doing to correct the violation or situation; VIII. When the public drinking water provider expects the system to return to compliance or the situation to be resolved; IX. The name, business address and phone number of the public drinking water system owner or operator; and X. A statement encouraging distribution of the notice to others, where applicable.D. For Tier 1 drinking water contaminant incidents, the information listed in paragraphs (3)c.6.C.I. through X. of this section above, shall be made available to affected customers by the public drinking water supplier, if the Department deems it necessary, as soon as possible but no later than 24 hours after the contamination is reported. For Tier 2 drinking water contaminant incidents, the information listed in paragraphs (3)c.6.C.I. through X. of this section above shall be made available to affected customers by the public drinking water supplier, if the Department deems it necessary, as soon as practical but within 14 calendar days after the contamination is reported. For Tier 3 drinking water contaminant incidents, the information listed in paragraphs (3)c.6.C.I. through X. of this section above shall be made available to affected customers by the public drinking water supplier, if the Department deems it necessary, as soon as practical, but within 90 calendar days after the contamination is reported.E. In accordance with the public notification timelines established under paragraph (3)c.6.C. of this section, the public drinking water supplier shall also provide the same notification to all of the following:I. The elected Council or Levy Court members of the county in which the contamination occurred.II. The elected Council members of the municipality in which the contamination occurred.III. The State Representatives and Senators in whose district the contamination occurred.IV. Any community or civic group or individual that notifies the public drinking water supplier that they desire to receive such information.V. If the contamination occurred in a manufactured home community, the Department of Justice and the Delaware Manufactured Home Relocation Authority.F. The public drinking water supplier is not required to report the results of tests for the presence of drinking water contaminants to the Department in cases where the Division of Public Health performs the potable water analyses.G. In the event the public drinking water supplier is unable to provide public notification of a Tier 1, Tier 2 or Tier 3 drinking water contaminant incident, as required by this section, such public drinking water supplier shall be responsible for paying for the cost of any such advertisements and notices made on its behalf by the Department.7. Regulatory and compliance information, public drinking water system performance and public information. A. The Department shall develop a Safe Drinking Water Information System that will include general information about public drinking water systems under the Department's regulatory jurisdiction as defined by this title. The System shall provide the public with information that indicates when a public drinking water system has been inspected, what violations are detected, when the public drinking water system comes back into compliance, and any enforcement action that results from violations. The Department shall also publish on the Department web site all Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 drinking water contaminant public notifications as soon as possible, but within 1 business day of the release of the notification to the public.B. Delaware public drinking water systems that are identified as a community water system by the Division of Public Health, shall prepare and issue each year, on or before July 1, an annual water quality report to customers served by their drinking water system. The water quality reports shall be provided by parcel post return receipt requested to the Department and the Division of the Public Advocate. In addition, the public drinking water supplier shall notify its customers of the availability of the annual water quality report and provide copies of the report to all individuals, health care providers or organizations requesting it. The water quality report shall include such information as may be prescribed by the Division of Public Health, including, but not limited to, any environmental violations or enforcement actions taken against the public drinking water supplier by federal, state or local regulatory authorities and the name and contact information of the public drinking water supplier representative. The reports may also include any voluntary activities undertaken by the drinking water supplier to reduce health risks from identified contaminants, including source water assessments, installation of new treatment processes, or such similar environmental improvements undertaken within the previous year or planned for the next 5 years.C. Any records, reports or information obtained pursuant to this chapter and any permits, permit applications and related documentation shall be available to the public for inspection and copying in accordance with Chapter 100 of Title 29.