(a) Before entering into a covered transaction with a participant at the next lower tier, you must require that participant to -(1) Comply with this subpart as a condition of participation in the transaction. You must do so using the method specified in paragraph (b) of this section; and(2) Pass the requirement to comply with this subpart to each person with whom the participant enters into a covered transaction at the next lower tier.(b) To communicate the requirements in this part to a participant, you must include a term or condition in the transaction that requires the participant's compliance with part 180, subpart C, of this title, as adopted at § 3485.12 , and requires the participant to include a similar term or condition in lower-tier covered transactions.(c) The failure of a participant to include a requirement to comply with Subpart C of 2 CFR part 180 in the agreement with a lower tier participant does not affect the lower tier participant's responsibilities under this part. Authority: E.O. 12549 (3 CFR 1986 Comp., p. 189); E.O. 12689 (3 CFR 1989 Comp., p. 235); sec. 2455 , Pub. L. 103-355 , 108 Stat. 3327 (31 U.S.C. 6101 note); 20 U.S.C. 1082 , 1094 , 1221e-3 , and 3474