Opinion
CIV-22-647-G
03-03-2023
DARRICK EDWARD WRENN, Plaintiff, v. SCOTT PRUITT et al., Defendants.
ORDER
CHARLES B. GOODWIN, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
On August 3, 2022, Plaintiff Darrick Edward Wrenn filed this lawsuit against multiple defendants. Plaintiff's 90-day deadline to effect service expired on November 1, 2022. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(m). Pursuant to Rule 4(m), if a defendant is not served within this 90-day period, the court “must dismiss the action without prejudice against that defendant or order that service be made within a specified time.” Id.
As of November 1, 2022, however, Plaintiff had not obtained summons from the Court Clerk or made proof of service or waiver of service to the Court. Nor had any defendant answered or otherwise indicated awareness of Plaintiff's lawsuit. Accordingly, the Court directed Plaintiff to show cause why his claims should not be dismissed pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m). See Order of Nov. 3, 2022 (Doc. No. 5) at 1.
Plaintiff responded (Doc. No. 7), citing his pro se status and attendant lack of knowledge as to service requirements as a basis for his lack of timely compliance. Plaintiff has also filed a Motion (Doc. No. 6) seeking additional time to complete and prove service.
The Court granted the Motion and extended Plaintiff's deadline to February 1, 2023. See Order of Nov. 18, 2022 (Doc. No. 8). Plaintiff was sent the requisite service papers and again advised: “Unless service is waived, Plaintiff must ensure that a proof of service is filed for each defendant on or before February 1, 2023. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(c), (d), (l), (m). The failure to file timely proof of service may result in the dismissal of Plaintiff's claims. See id. R. 4(m).” Order of Nov. 18, 2022, at 1-2.
As of this date, Plaintiff has not shown that service has been perfected on any defendant or otherwise complied with the Court's Order.
A plaintiff in a federal civil lawsuit is required to have each defendant served with a summons and a copy of the pleading by a date certain. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(c)(1), (m). Although Plaintiff is a pro se litigant, he is required to comply with the same rules of procedure governing other litigants, including Rule 4. See DiCesare v. Stuart, 12 F.3d 973, 980 (10th Cir. 1993) (stating that pro se plaintiff was “obligated to follow the requirements of Fed.R.Civ.P. 4”). Thus, Plaintiff's failure to complete proper service upon a defendant within the prescribed time limit is grounds for dismissal of all claims against that party, absent any justification for this failure. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(m) (“If a defendant is not served within 90 days after the complaint is filed, the court . . . must dismiss the action without prejudice against that defendant or order that service be made within a specified time. But if the plaintiff shows good cause for the failure, the court must extend the time for service for an appropriate period.”).
Plaintiff has made no attempt to show “good cause” under Rule 4(m) for the failure to complete service by the extended deadline, and no “good cause” is otherwise reflected in the record before the Court. Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(m). Notwithstanding Plaintiff's failure to show good cause, the undersigned still must consider whether a permissive extension of time to complete service of process is warranted. See Espinoza v. United States, 52 F.3d 838, 841 (10th Cir. 1995). The Tenth Circuit has noted that a permissive extension of time may be appropriate where “policy considerations might weigh in favor of granting a permissive extension of time.” Id. at 842. In making this determination, the Court must consider: (1) whether “the applicable statute of limitations would bar the refiled action”; (2) whether the plaintiff tried to follow “the complex requirements of multiple service” when serving the United States, its agencies, or employees; and (3) whether there is reason to protect a pro se plaintiff “from consequences of confusion or delay attending the resolution of an in forma pauperis petition.” Espinoza, 52 F.3d at 842 & n.8 (internal quotation marks omitted).
Here, the undersigned finds no policy considerations meriting additional time for service. Plaintiff has made no further request for additional time or assistance with service. The defendants are not federal officers, and Plaintiff is not proceeding in forma pauperis. Further, assuming Plaintiff's statute of limitations has expired, a dismissal under Rule 4(m) would not necessarily bar the refiling of certain of Plaintiff's claims. Oklahoma's “savings statute” may save certain claims because a Rule 4(m) dismissal represents a failure “otherwise than on the merits” within the meaning of title 12, section 100 of the Oklahoma Statutes. Young v. Rios, No. CIV-15-641-R, 2018 WL 2079509, at *2 (W.D. Okla. May 4, 2018). In other words, Plaintiff may be able to refile such claims within one year of dismissal without prejudice “although the time limit for commencing the action shall have expired before the new action is filed.” Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 100; see Young, 2018 WL 2079509, at *2.
Thus, the Espinoza factors weigh in favor of dismissal under Rule 4(m), and the Court discerns no other policy considerations that might warrant a permissive extension in this case. Further, Plaintiff has been warned that failure to accomplish service would result in dismissal and has been afforded an opportunity to justify his failure to do so. See Smith v. Glanz, 662 Fed.Appx. 595, 596, 597-98 (10th Cir. 2016).
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, the Court DISMISSES WITHOUT PREJUDICE all claims alleged in Plaintiff Darrick Edward Wrenn's Complaint (Doc. No. 1) for failure of service under Rule 4(m) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
IT IS SO ORDERED.