Opinion
CA CR 96-1222
Opinion delivered January 21, 1998
1. EVIDENCE — SUFFICIENCY OF — FACTORS ON REVIEW. — In determining whether a finding of guilt is supported by substantial evidence, the appellate court reviews the evidence, including any that may have been erroneously admitted, in the light most favorable to the verdict. 2. EVIDENCE — EVIDENCE OF COCAINE PURCHASE — FINDING OF GUILT SUPPORTED BY SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE. — Where the evidence, including that alleged to have been erroneously admitted, showed that a confidential informant arrived at appellant's home on the day in question, told appellant that he wanted a "five-oh," gave appellant $50.00, and received two rocks of crack cocaine, the evidence was sufficient to support the jury's finding of appellant's guilt. 3. EVIDENCE — ADMISSION OF AUDIOTAPE — APPELLATE COURT WILL NOT REVERSE ABSENT ABUSE OF DISCRETION. — Audiotaped conversations are admissible unless the inaudible portions are so substantial as to render the recording as a whole untrustworthy; this is a matter within the trial court's discretion, and the appellate court will not reverse absent an abuse of that discretion. 4. EVIDENCE — APPROXIMATELY HALF OF AUDIOTAPE WAS AUDIBLE — NO ABUSE OF DISCRETION FOUND IN ITS ADMISSION. — Appellant's contention that the audiotaped conversation of the transaction between himself and the informant should not have been considered by the jury because it was inaudible and, therefore, was untrustworthy, was without merit where approximately half of the audiotape that was played for the jury was audible, including the question "what do you need now" and the response "I need a five-oh"; the circuit court did not believe that the tape was so deficient as to be of no assistance to the jury, and the appellate court could not say that the circuit court abused its discretion on this point. 5. EVIDENCE — AGENT'S TESTIMONY LIMITED TO AUDIBLE PORTIONS OFK TAPE — PROPERLY ADMITTED. — Where the agent testified concerning what was said on the tape in response to a question regarding what he had heard while auditing the conversation as it took place, the agent's testimony was limited to those parts of the conversation that were audible on the audiotape, and the agent's testimony that "five-oh" was a term meaning fifty dollars worth of illegal drugs was based on his specialized training and experience as a police officer engaged in drug task force assignments, and the agent could have qualified as an expert in this area under Ark. R. Evid. 702, his testimony was not improperly admitted.
Appeal from Nevada Circuit Court; Jim Gunter, Judge; affirmed.
Honey Honey, P.A., for appellant.
Winston Bryant, Att'y Gen., by: Kent G. Holt, Asst. Att'y Gen., for appellee.
The appellant in this criminal case was charged with delivery of cocaine. After a jury trial, he was convicted of that offense and sentenced to ten years in the Arkansas Department of Correction. From that conviction, comes this appeal.
For reversal, appellant contends that there is insufficient evidence to support his conviction for delivery of cocaine. He argues that an audiotape played for the jury and a witness's testimony based on that audiotape should not have been admitted into evidence, and asks us to disregard those items of evidence and hold that the remaining evidence is insufficient to sustain his conviction.
[1, 2] Appellant's argument misconstrues our review of the sufficiency of the evidence. We consider sufficiency questions before we consider any alleged trial errors. In determining whether a finding of guilt is supported by substantial evidence, we review the evidence, including any that may have been erroneously admitted, in the light most favorable to the verdict. Davis v. State, 318 Ark. 212, 885 S.W.2d 292 (1994); Harris v. State, 284 Ark. 247, 681 S.W.2d 334 (1984). Here the evidence, including that alleged to have been erroneously admitted, shows that a confidential informant arrived at appellant's home on the day in question, told appellant that he wanted a "five-oh," gave appellant $50.00, and received two rocks of crack cocaine. This evidence is sufficient to support the jury's finding of appellant's guilt.
[3, 4] Nor do we think that the evidence in question was improperly admitted. Appellant contends that the audiotaped conversation of the transaction between himself and the informant should not have been considered by the jury because it was inaudible and, therefore, was untrustworthy. However, such recordings are admissible unless the inaudible portions are so substantial as to render the recording as a whole untrustworthy. Loy v. State, 310 Ark. 33, 832 S.W.2d 499 (1992). This is a matter within the trial court's discretion, and we will not reverse absent an abuse of that discretion. Id. According to the appellant's abstract in the case at bar, approximately half of the audiotape that was played for the jury was audible, including the question "what do you need now" and the response "I need a five-oh." The circuit court did not believe that the tape was so deficient as to be of no assistance to the jury, and we cannot say that the circuit court abused its discretion on this point.
Appellant asserts on appeal that the audiotape was never formally introduced into evidence, although the tape was played for the jury and the jury was permitted, without objection, to take the tape to the jury room during deliberation. Although appellant, after the close of all the evidence, raised questions concerning the formalities of the audiotape's introduction, no objection was made, no relief was requested, and no ruling was obtained. Under these circumstances, no issue relating to the formalities of the audiotape's introduction is before us. See Burton v. State, 327 Ark. 65, 937 S.W.2d 634 (1997); Jones v. State, 326 Ark. 61, 931 S.W.2d 83 (1996).
[5] Appellant also argues that the trial court erred in allowing Agent Richard Wiggins to "interpret" the audiotape. We do not agree. Although Agent Wiggins testified concerning what was said on the tape, this was in response to a question regarding what he had heard while auditing the conversation as it took place. Furthermore, Agent Wiggins's testimony was limited to those parts of the conversation that were audible on the audiotape. Finally, while Agent Wiggins was allowed to testify that "five-oh" was a term meaning fifty dollars worth of illegal drugs, this testimony was based on his specialized training and experience as a police officer engaged in drug task force assignments. Because Agent Wiggins could have qualified as an expert in this area under Ark. R. Evid. 702, his testimony was not improperly admitted. See Martin v. State, 328 Ark. 420, 944 S.W.2d 512 (1997).
Affirmed.
AREY and ROAF, JJ., agree.