Opinion
922, 161572/14.
05-26-2016
Douglas H. WIGDOR, Plaintiff–Appellant–Respondent, v. SOULCYCLE, LLC, Defendant–Respondent–Appellant, Julie Rice, et al., Defendants–Respondents.
Vladeck, Raskin & Clark, P.C., New York (Valdi Licul of counsel), for appellant-respondent. Jackson Lewis P.C., New York (William J. Anthony and Sarah K. Hook of counsel), for respondent-appellant and respondents.
Vladeck, Raskin & Clark, P.C., New York (Valdi Licul of counsel), for appellant-respondent.
Jackson Lewis P.C., New York (William J. Anthony and Sarah K. Hook of counsel), for respondent-appellant and respondents.
SWEENY, J.P., SAXE, MOSKOWITZ, GISCHE, WEBBER, JJ.
Opinion Order, Supreme Court, New York County (Donna M. Mills, J.), entered April 14, 2015, which, to the extent appealed from, granted defendants' motion to dismiss plaintiff's claims for retaliation under Labor Law § 215 and the California Labor Code and for prima facie tort, and denied the motion as to plaintiff's claim for breach of the obligation of good faith and fair dealing as against defendant SoulCycle, LLC, unanimously modified, on the law, to grant dismissal of the claim for breach of the obligation of good faith and fair dealing as against defendant SoulCycle, LLC, and otherwise affirmed, without costs. The Clerk is directed to enter judgment dismissing the complaint.
Labor Law § 215(1)(a), which prohibits an “employer” from retaliating against an “employee” for engaging in protected activities, was clearly intended to provide employees with a cause of action against their current and former employers (see McKinney's Statutes § 76 ; Adler v. 20/20 Cos., 82 A.D.3d 914, 915, 918 N.Y.S.2d 583 [2d Dept.2011] ; Bojaj v. Moro Food Corp., 2014 WL 6055771, *4, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 159974, *10 [S.D.N.Y.2014] ). Accordingly, plaintiff, an attorney who filed an action against SoulCycle, LLC and other entities, on behalf of a client, alleging, inter alia, wage violations of New York and California labor laws, lacks standing to bring a Labor Law § 215 against defendants, who never employed him. Plaintiff's retaliation claim under the California Labor Code (CLC) fails for the same reason (see CLC §§ 98.6 and 1102.5 ). Plaintiff's cause of action for prima facie tort was properly dismissed, as he failed to plead that “disinterested malevolence” was defendants' sole motive in banning him from SoulCycle facilities (see Burns Jackson Miller Summit & Spitzer v. Lindner, 59 N.Y.2d 314, 332–333, 464 N.Y.S.2d 712, 451 N.E.2d 459 [1983] ; Curiano v. Suozzi, 63 N.Y.2d 113, 117, 480 N.Y.S.2d 466, 469 N.E.2d 1324 [1984] ). Plaintiff's allegations that defendants also implemented the ban to discourage other attorneys from representing clients with claims against SoulCycle and deter SoulCycle's employees and former employees from objecting to unlawful activity, are fatal to this cause of action (see Princes Point, LLC v. AKRF Eng'g, P.C., 94 A.D.3d 588, 589, 944 N.Y.S.2d 493 [1st Dept.2012] ; Bainton v. Baran, 287 A.D.2d 317, 318, 731 N.Y.S.2d 161 [1st Dept.2001] ). This claim also fails because plaintiff has not pleaded “special damages” (see Burns Jackson, 59 N.Y.2d at 332, 464 N.Y.S.2d 712, 451 N.E.2d 459 ; Freihofer v. Hearst Corp., 65 N.Y.2d 135, 142–143, 490 N.Y.S.2d 735, 480 N.E.2d 349 [1985] ; Broadway & 67th St. Corp. v. City of New York, 100 A.D.2d 478, 486, 475 N.Y.S.2d 1 [1st Dept.1984] ). While defects in pleadings can be remedied via an affidavit of one with personal knowledge (see Rovello v. Orofino Realty Co., 40 N.Y.2d 633, 635, 389 N.Y.S.2d 314, 357 N.E.2d 970 [1976] ; Ashwood Capital, Inc. v. OTG Mgt., Inc., 99 A.D.3d 1, 10, 948 N.Y.S.2d 292 [1st Dept.2012] ), plaintiff did not submit an affidavit in opposition to the motion. In any event, plaintiff's proposed amendment to the complaint, which would include claims for a $4 refund and $60 for SoulCycle clothing that he purchased, would not cure the claim's deficiencies. SoulCycle established, via admissible evidence, that plaintiff received a full refund for the unused classes from his SoulCycle class package, and plaintiff has not identified any bar to his wearing of SoulCycle clothing outside of SoulCycle's premises.
Finally, we find that plaintiff's claim for breach of the obligation of good faith and fair dealing should have been dismissed as against SoulCycle. Even if there is a contractual relationship, plaintiff has failed to plead facts and circumstances constituting a breach.
We have considered plaintiff's remaining arguments and find them unavailing.