Opinion
No. 5304.
June 3, 1914. Rehearing Denied July 1, 1914.
Appeal from District Court, Guadalupe County; M. Kennon, Judge.
Action by B. F. Bowdoin against the Western Union Telegraph Company. Judgment for plaintiff, and defendant appeals. Affirmed.
J. B. Dibrell and Emil Mosheim, both of Seguin, for appellant. Jas. A. Harley, H. H. Weinert, and H. E. Short, all of Seguin, for appellee.
B. F. Bowdoin brought this suit against the Western Union Telegraph Company to recover damages for injuries alleged to have been inflicted on his wife by reason of the fact that appellant's agent at Seguin, a woman, and downtown local telegraph operator, on or about January 15, 1912, said to appellee's wife and her companion, in appellant's office:
"I did not know such a thing as you lived in the world. You are both fools and have no sense. You are poor white trash, and the telegraph company is too big for you to sue."
It is claimed that the lady agent then drew back or lifted her arm to strike Mrs. Bowdoin, who could have been hit had she not stepped out of the way. The petition charges that, by reason of the treatment so received and the fright and shock, Mrs. Bowdoin became ill and had suffered serious mental and physical pain and damage in the sum of $600.
The appellant denied the allegations, and, upon a trial before a jury, a verdict was returned, upon which judgment was entered for the sum of $300. From this judgment the telegraph company has appealed.
The first, second, and fourth assignments deal with the refusal of the court to sustain a general demurrer, refused to instruct for the defendant, and that the verdict is not supported by the evidence. They will therefore be treated together.
Mrs. Gill, who lived in San Antonio, had been staying in Seguin, and her husband had on Thursday sent her some money by the telegraph company for the purpose of paying her fare home. This was January 11, 1912, and it was four days later when Mrs. Gill, together with Mrs. Bowdoin, went to the office to get it, when the difficulty occurred. Mrs. Bowdoin claimed that the notice of the arrival of the money was not mailed until 4:30 Saturday, and that they did not get it until Monday. Mrs. Bowdoin said to the agent, Mrs. Allen:
"I think you treated this little lady wrong. She is here on expenses, and her expenses are going on all the time, and her husband forwarded her just enough money to pay them up until Thursday night."
To this, it is claimed, Mrs. Allen replied:
"What do I care if she had been there a year; it was nothing to me. What do I care if her expenses are going on?"
And she then said:
"Get out of here," and "raised up her fist as if she was going to strike me over the head." "She said: `Get out of here, you poor white trash; you ain't nothing but ignorant fools; I can't learn you nothing and can't tell you nothing, I don't want no more to do with you.'"
At this point, it is claimed the assault was made on Mrs. Bowdoin by Mrs. Allen; it being at the counter or desk in the telegraph office.
Mrs. Allen admits that she made substantially the statements charged, but claims that the two ladies had left the office after getting the money and had gotten Dr. Myers to come up to see her about getting the notice about the money which Mrs. Allen had kept, and were at that time not in the office. She says she made the statements to Dr. Myers, not knowing that the other ladies were standing just outside the door listening, and did not intend that they should hear it. But, as soon as the statements were made, Mrs. Bowdoin stepped into the room and said:
"Never mind, madam, I will make you suffer for this."
Mrs. Gill said nothing. Mrs. Allen says that she stated to Dr. Myers:
"I should judge from what they say that they are some poor white trash, trying to get a case against the company."
She denies that she made any demonstration whatever.
Dr. Wm. Myers is the postmaster at Seguin, and the post office is under the telegraph office. Mrs. Gill and Mrs. Bowdoin got him to go up to see Mrs. Allen to get the envelope in which the notice of the arrival of the money was sent and which Mrs. Allen had retained. He went and stated his business to the agent. He says Mrs. Allen told him:
"No, you don't understand that; this is my property; that belongs to me; this is my business. And I explained it to these ladies, and these ladies don't seem to understand it; they are poor ignorant people, common white trash."
And he says she said it in a "slighting manner, as if she was slighting them." He did not know they were at the door. There was evidence that Mrs. Bowdoin was ill for about two months, as a result of the trouble, and since has been subject to nervous attacks and breakdowns. Mrs. Allen says she did not intend that the ladies should hear what she stated to Dr. Myers and did not know they were at the door.
"Any attempt to commit a battery, or any threatening gesture showing, in itself or by words accompanying it, an immediate intention, coupled with an ability to commit a battery, is an assault" Penal Code, art. 1008 (587).
It has been held that damages may be recovered for pain and mental distress, where an assault was committed, although there was not battery. Leach v. Leach, 11 Tex. Civ. App. 699, 33 S.W. 703, which case was affirmed by the Supreme Court without an opinion, 93 Tex. 666; Lonergan v. Wm. Small Co., 81 Kan. 48, 105 P. 27, 25 L.R.A. (N.S.) 976. Lonergan v. Wm. Small Co. Case, supra, is a well-considered case.
In Davidson v. Lee, 139 S.W. 907, Judge Pleasants says:
"The rule that damages cannot be recovered for mental suffering, unaccompanied by physical injury, is not applicable, when the wrong complained of is a willful one, intended by the wrongdoer to wound the feelings and produce mental anguish and suffering, or from which such result should be reasonably anticipated, as a natural consequence."
See, also, Perkins Bros. Co. v. Anderson, 155 S.W. 556.
The wife of appellee had a right to go to appellant's place of business, and the company's agents and servants owed her civil treatment. The language used to her, or concerning her, if we adopt Mrs. Allen's theory, was the most insulting that could be used. Granted that it was not intended that Mrs. Bowdoin should hear it, that does not alter the fact that Mrs. Allen offered to her the must cutting insult that could have been made to a lady not in good circumstances in life. To be poor is felt keenly enough by any one; and then to be called "poor white trash" is more than human nature, with any degree of self-respect, should be expected to stand. A blow upon the person would be nothing as compared to the humiliation occasioned by an insult such as is shown to have been offered in this case. And we are unable to see how the injury is lessened by the fact that Mrs. Allen did not think Mrs. Bowdoin heard the insulting remarks. The whole matter has been passed upon by a jury, and we think the petition showed a cause of action and the proof sustained the allegations. These three assignments are overruled.
The second assignment is without merit, and is likewise overruled.
The judgment is affirmed.