Opinion
A01A0696.
DECIDED: MAY 17, 2001
Product liability. Chatham State Court. Before Judge Ginsberg.
Savage, Turner Pinson, Brent J. Savage, C. Dorian Britt, for Appellants.
Branan, Searcey Smith, David R. Smith, Howard Whatley, Thomas G. Whatley, Jr., Forbes Bowman, Morton G. Forbes, Johnny A. Foster, Wllis Painter, Ratterree Bart, Ryburn C. Ratteree, Jeffrey R. Harris, for Appellees.
Kathy Vickery worked at the Fort Howard Paper Company. On January 27, 1997, she was killed at work when a company truck carrying large refuse containers backed over her. In 1998, her husband, Clyde Vickery, initiated an action, which he later amended, alleging products liability and failure to warn against five defendants: (1) E J Truck Sales, Inc., which had sold the truck to Fort Howard in 1987; (2) Waste Management of Georgia, Inc., which had leased the refuse containers to Fort Howard; (3) Galbreath, Inc., which had manufactured the hoist used to move the containers on and off the truck; (4) Hamby Truck and Equipment Sales, Inc., which had mounted the hoist on the truck; and (5) Consolidated Disposal Systems, Inc., the equipment dealer which had obtained the hoist for the truck. The crux of Vickery's complaint was that the defendants were liable for failing to install an alarm on the truck which would have warned bystanders when the truck was moving backwards.
E J, Waste Management, Galbreath, Hamby and Consolidated all moved for summary judgment. Before the court had ruled on all the motions, Vickery and Consolidated reached a settlement, and the action against Consolidated was dismissed. Ultimately, the court granted summary judgment to the four remaining defendants on Vickery's claims.
Vickery appeals, arguing that the court erred in granting summary judgment against him on both the products liability and failure to warn claims. Because Vickery's arguments are without merit, we affirm the trial court's grant of summary judgment to E J, Waste Management, Galbreath and Hamby.
1. Vickery admits that his products liability claim was filed beyond the applicable ten-year statute of repose set forth in O.C.G.A. § 51-1-11 (b) (2), which provides: "No action shall be commenced pursuant to this subsection with respect to an injury after ten years from the date of the first sale for use or consumption of the personal property causing or otherwise bringing about the injury."
But, he argues, a "willful disregard for life" exception to the ten-year limit applies to his products liability claim. Under O.C.G.A. § 51-1-11 (c), the ten-year limitation does not apply to "an action seeking to recover from a manufacturer for injuries or damages . . . arising out of conduct which manifests a willful, reckless, or wanton disregard for life or property."
Pretermitting the issue of whether E J, Waste Management, Galbreath or Hamby were "manufacturers" of the truck that killed Vickery's wife, Vickery has pointed to no evidence in the record showing that any of them acted with a willful, reckless or wanton disregard for life or property. It is telling that in the entire argument section of his brief on this issue, Vickery makes no citations to the record to support his conclusory statement that there was willful misconduct.
We are guided not by such unsubstantiated conclusions, but by the legal principles that willful conduct is based on an actual intent to cause harm or injury, and that wanton conduct is that which is so reckless or so indifferent to consequences that it is equivalent in spirit to actual intent. Because there is no evidence that E J, Waste Management, Galbreath or Hamby failed to install an alarm on the truck or its components with the actual intent of causing injury or with a reckless indifference to consequences, we must conclude that the willful misconduct exception to the ten-year statute of repose is inapplicable to this case. Vickery's reliance on that exception is thus misplaced, and he has failed to show that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment on his products liability claim.
Hendon v. DeKalb County, 203 Ga. App. 750, 758 (5) ( 417 S.E.2d 705) (1992). (physical precedent).
2. Vickery contends that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment against him on the failure to warn claim. The contention is without merit.
As Vickery notes, and as the trial court found, the ten-year statute of repose does not apply to the failure to warn claim. See O.C.G.A. § 51-1-11 (c); Daniels v. Bucyrus-Erie Corp., 237 Ga. App. 828, 829 ( 516 S.E.2d 848) (1999).
It is well-established that a manufacturer or seller has no duty to warn of a product danger that is obvious or generally known. In the instant case, the fact that the truck which backed over Kathy Vickery would sometimes move in reverse was an obvious and well-known danger that did not require a warning from E J, Waste Management, Galbreath or Hamby.
Daniels, supra.
And, contrary to Vickery's claim, there was no requirement that his wife be warned that the truck did not have a beeper indicating when it was backing up. Any such warning, if needed, would have been given to the purchaser of the truck, not to a bystander. Moreover, such a warning to the purchaser was not even necessary in this case because Fort Howard, which had purchased the truck and used it for ten years, and the Fort Howard truck driver at the time of the accident actually knew that the vehicle did not have a backing-up alarm. Because there was no duty on E J, Waste Management, Galbreath or Hamby to warn of the obvious and well-known danger of the truck moving in reverse, the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment against Vickery on his failure to warn claim.
Exxon Corp. v. Jones, 209 Ga. App. 373, 375-376 ( 433 S.E.2d 350) (1993).
See Daniels, supra at 829-831; Exxon Corp., supra.
Judgment affirmed. Ruffin and Ellington, JJ., concur.