Opinion
1:12-cv-00893 (MAD/CFH)
08-08-2013
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA c/o Gary Valerino, Plaintiff, v. MATTHEW RATTO, Defendant.
MEGGESTO, CROSSETT & VALERINO, LLP Attorneys for Plaintiff OF COUNSEL: GARY J. VALERINO, ESQ.
APPEARANCES:
MEGGESTO, CROSSETT & VALERINO, LLP
Attorneys for Plaintiff
OF COUNSEL:
GARY J. VALERINO, ESQ.
Mae A. D'Agostino, U.S. District Judge:
MEMORANDUM-DECISION AND ORDER
I. INTRODUCTION
On May 23, 2012, Plaintiff United States of America commenced this action alleging that Defendant defaulted on a promissory note. See Dkt. No. 1. On August 24, 2012, Plaintiff moved for an entry of default, which was entered by the Clerk of the Court on August 27, 2012. See Dkt. Nos. 4, 5.
Currently before the Court is Plaintiff's motion for entry of a default judgment against Defendant pursuant to Rule 55(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Standard of Review
"Generally, 'Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55 provides a two-step process that the Court must follow before it may enter a default judgment against a defendant.'" United States v. Simmons, No. 5:10-CV-1272, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 27787, *3 (N.D.N.Y. Mar. 2, 2012) (quotation omitted). "'First, under Rule 55(a), when a party fails to "plead or otherwise defend . . . the clerk must enter the party's default.Id. (quotation omitted); Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(a). "'Second, pursuant to Rule 55(b)(2), the party seeking default is required to present its application for entry of judgment to the court.'" Id. (quotation omitted). "'Notice of the application must be sent to the defaulting party so that it has an opportunity to show cause why the court should not enter a default judgment.'" Id. (quotation omitted); Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(b)(2).
"When a default is entered, the defendant is deemed to have admitted all of the well-pleaded factual allegations in the complaint pertaining to liability." Bravado Int'l Group Merch. Servs. v. Ninna, Inc., 655 F. Supp. 2d 177, 188 (E.D.N.Y. 2009) (citing Greyhound Exhibitgroup, Inc. v. E.L.U.L. Realty Corp., 973 F.2d 155, 158 (2d Cir. 1992)). "While a default judgment constitutes an admission of liability, the quantum of damages remains to be established by proof unless the amount is liquidated or susceptible of mathematical computation." Flaks v. Koegel, 504 F.2d 702, 707 (2d Cir. 1974) (citations omitted); see also Bravado Int'l, 655 F. Supp. 2d at 189-90 (citation omitted). "[E]ven upon default, a court may not rubber-stamp the non-defaulting party's damages calculation, but rather must ensure that there is a basis for the damages that are sought." Overcash v. United Abstract Group, Inc., 549 F. Supp. 2d 193, 196 (N.D.N.Y. 2008) (citing Credit Lyonnais Sec. (USA), Inc. v. Alcantara, 183 F.3d 151, 155 (2d Cir. 1999)). "The burden is on the plaintiff to establish its entitlement to recovery." Bravado Int'l, 655 F. Supp. 2d at 189 (citing Greyhound Exhibitgroup, Inc., 973 F.2d at 158). "While 'the court must ensure that there is a basis for the damages specified in a default judgment, it may, but need not, make the determination through a hearing.'" Id. at 190 (quotation omitted).
B. Application
In the present matter, Plaintiff has established through its complaint and attached exhibits that it is entitled to judgment in its favor. The complaint and summons were properly served on June 20, 2012, see Dkt. No. 7, and Defendant has failed to answer the complaint or otherwise appear in this matter. Plaintiff has complied with the requirements set forth in Local Rule 55.2(b) to the extent required for the Court to grant Plaintiff's motion as to liability. As such, Defendant has defaulted within the meaning of Rule 55(b)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the following factual allegations are deemed true for purposes of establishing liability. See United States v. Beam, No. 6:12-CV-0087, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 69054, *4 (N.D.N.Y. May 17, 2012) (holding that by failing to answer the plaintiff's complaint or respond to the motion, the defendant "has effectively conceded" that he is subject to the terms of the promissory note, and is liable for the money owed).
Local Rule 55.2 mandates that a party submitting a motion for entry of default judgment must also submit "a statement showing the principal amount due, not to exceed the amount demanded in the complaint, . . . a computation of the interest to the day of the judgment, a per diem rate of interest, and the costs and taxable disbursements claimed." LOCAL RULES N.D.N.Y. 55.2(a). Also in accordance with Local Rule 55.2, an affidavit must be submitted stating that, "[u]pon Plaintiff's information and belief, the defendant is neither an infant nor an incompetent person requiring special service . . . and is not serving with the armed forces of the United States." See Dkt. No. 7-1 at 1; LOCAL RULES N.D.N.Y. 55.2(a)(2).
On or about November 17, 1991, Defendant executed a promissory note to secure a loan of $4,000.00 from Glens Falls National Bank and Trust (holder). See Dkt. No. 1-2 at 1. The loan was disbursed at an 8.00 percent interest rate per annum, rising to 10.00 percent after the fourth year of repayment. See Dkt. No. 1-2 at 1. The loan was guaranteed by the New York State Higher Education Services Corporation (guaranty agency), and reinsured by the Department of Education (Department) under loan guaranty programs authorized by Title IV-B of the Higher Education Act of 1965. See id. Pursuant to 20 U.S.C. § 1077a(i)(7), the holder converted the interest rate to a variable rate. See id. The holder demanded payment according to the terms of the note, and on January 26, 1997, Defendant defaulted on his obligation. See id.
Due to Defendant's default, the guaranty agency paid a claim in the amount of $3,821.14 to the holder. See id. The guaranty agency was reimbursed for that payment by the Department under its reinsurance agreement. See id. Pursuant to 34 C.F.R. § 682.410(b)(4), once the guaranty agency pays on the default claim, the entire amount paid becomes due to the guaranty agency as the new principal. See id. The guarantor attempted to collect the debt from Defendant but was unable to collect the full amount due. See id. Consequently, the guaranty agency assigned its right and title to the loan to the Department. See id.
As of December 6, 2010, Defendant owes Plaintiff the following:
Principal: $3,584.94See id. According to the Certificate of Indebtedness, interest accrues on the principal at a rate of 3.42 percent, and at a daily rate of $0.34 through June 30, 2011, and thereafter at such rate as established by the Department. See id.
Interest: $3,085.68
Total: $6,670.62
Plaintiff requests that the Court enter default judgment for the remainder of the loan, the prejudgment interest, post-judgment interest, administrative costs, and service of process costs. See Dkt. No. 1 at 2. Plaintiff has supported its claim with a Certificate of Indebtedness, which was prepared, under penalty of perjury, by a loan analyst from the Department of Education. See Dkt. No. 1-2 at 1. Further, Plaintiff included a copy of the promissory note signed by Defendant. See Dkt. No. 1-1. These facts satisfy the Court that Plaintiff is entitled to judgment for the unpaid principal balance of the loans.
Pursuant to 34 C.F.R. § 682.410(b)(3), Plaintiff is also entitled to the amount of interest accrued on the loan. Plaintiff has calculated that, as of December 6, 2010, Defendant owed pre-judgment interest of $3,085.68, and a total debt of $6,670.62. See Dkt. No. 1-2 at 1. Since December 6, 2010, pre-judgment interest has continued to accrue on the loan at the rate of $0.34 per day. See id. As such, including today, the date of judgment August 8, 2013, 976 days have passed and, therefore, Defendant owes an additional $331.84 in pre-judgment interest. When added to the unpaid principal and pre-judgment interest already calculated, the total amount due under the promissory note through today is $7,002.46.
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1961(a), Plaintiff is entitled to post-judgment interest, which it has sought here. See Dkt. No. 1 at 2. The rate of such interest, as set forth in section 1961(a), "shall be calculated from the date of the entry of the judgment, at a rate equal to the weekly average 1-year constant maturity Treasury yield, as published by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, for the calendar week preceding the date of judgment." 28 U.S.C. § 1961(a) (internal footnote omitted).
In addition to the principal and interest on the loan, Plaintiff seeks costs and attorney's fees as allowed by law. The federal government may recover "reasonable collection costs" from a borrower who defaults on a student loan. 20 U.S.C. § 1091a(b)(1). "The Department of Education has interpreted such costs to include, among other things, attorney's fees." United States v. Washington, No. 08-CV-5083, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 128075, *7 (E.D.N.Y. Dec. 14, 2009). However, 34 C.F.R. § 682.202(g)(1)(i) provides that attorney's fees may be awarded only "[i]f provided for in the borrower's promissory note." 34 C.F.R. § 682.202(g)(1)(i). In the present case, Plaintiff has failed to include any documentation or provision from the promissory note allowing for the collection of attorney's fees. Additionally, Plaintiff has failed to provide substantiation for other costs, including the cost for service of process. Without adequate proof of these costs, Plaintiff's request for such costs must be denied.
IV. CONCLUSION
After carefully reviewing Plaintiff's submissions and the applicable law, and for the reasons stated herein, the Court hereby
ORDERS that Plaintiff's motion for default judgment (Dkt. No. 7) is GRANTED; and the Court further
ORDERS that damages are awarded in the following amounts:
(1) unpaid principal and prejudgment interest through August 8, 2013 of $7,002.46; and
(2) post-judgment interest accruing at the statutory rates as discussed above; and the Court further
ORDERS that Plaintiff shall serve a copy of this Memorandum-Decision and Order on Defendant by Certified Mail, Return Receipt Requested, and file the returned receipt using the Court's electronic filing system; and the Court further
ORDERS that the Clerk of the Court shall enter judgment in Plaintiff's favor and close this case.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: August 8, 2013
Albany, New York
____________
Mae A. D'Agostino
U.S. District Judge