Multiple courts in this district have held, and the Fourth Circuit more recently has strongly suggested, that assault on a federal officer with a dangerous weapon in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 111(a)(1) and (b) qualifies as a crime of violence under 924(c)'s force clause.") (internal quotation marks omitted); United States v. Clark, No. CR 08-80, 2022 WL 114079, at *4 (W.D. Pa. Jan. 12, 2022), certificate of appealability denied, No. 22-1215, 2022 WL 3139009 (3d Cir. May 17, 2022); United States v. Butler, No. 21-20027-JAR, 2022 WL 16714129, at *4-5 (D. Kan. Nov. 4, 2022). This court finds the reasoning and analysis in these cases persuasive and concludes that § 111(b) requires a mens rea of intentional, purposeful, and knowing acts, and not recklessness.
Id.See United States v. Butler, No. 21-20027-JAR, 2022 WL 16714129, at *4-5 (D. Kan. Nov. 4, 2022) (rejecting the defendant's argument that Borden abrogates Kendall, and concluding that a § 111(b) offense cannot be committed with a mens rea of ordinary recklessness and thus remains a crime of violence); see also United States v. Medearis, ---F.4th---, 2023 WL 3049339, at *4 (8th Cir. Apr. 24, 2023) (concluding § 111(b) conviction constitutes a categorical crime of violence; further rejecting the defendant's argument that the offense could not be a crime of violence because it can be recklessly committed, explaining that a § 111(b) conviction necessarily requires a finding of intent) (collecting cases); accord United States v. Bullock, 970 F.3d 210, 217 (3d Cir. 2020); Paige v. United States, No. 16-cv-00304, 2023 WL 2655726, at *5 (W.D. N.C. Mar. 27, 2023); United States v. Clark, No. 08-80, 2022 WL 114079, at *4 (W.D. Pa. Jan. 12, 2022)