Opinion
No. 84-607.
Filed June 7, 1985.
1. Workmen's Compensation: Damages: Subrogation: Statutes. When an employee sues and recovers damages from a third party for injuries received, an employer is statutorily entitled to subrogation for amounts paid to the injured employee as workmen's compensation payments. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 48-118 (Reissue 1984). 2. Workmen's Compensation: Subrogation: Waiver. When an employee settles with a third party for injuries received, waiver of an employer's statutory right to subrogation for future payments of benefits will not be inferred absent a showing of either an agreement by the employer to a settlement, which by its terms excludes reimbursement for future benefits paid, or other such action intentionally and voluntarily relinquishing that right. 3. ___: ___: ___. Mere receipt by the employer of its subrogated interest for compensation benefits paid does not waive its right to future payments or offsets.
Appeal from the Nebraska Workmen's Compensation Court. Affirmed.
Michael G. Goodman of Matthews Cannon, P.C., for appellant.
Melvin C. Hansen of Hansen, Engles Locher, P.C., for appellee.
KRIVOSHA, C.J., BOSLAUGH, WHITE, HASTINGS, CAPORALE, SHANAHAN, and GRANT, JJ.
At issue in this appeal from the judgment of the Workmen's Compensation Court is the question of whether an employer's insurer is entitled to treat as advances against possible future compensation payments amounts received in settlement by an employee from a third-party tort-feasor in excess of compensation benefits paid by the employer. The court concluded that the employer's insurer was entitled to such credit, and the employee appeals. We affirm.
Linda Turner, appellant, was injured when the Metro Area Transit bus she was operating was struck by the third party's automobile. Appellant asserted a claim against the third party. As a result of negotiations between the parties, the third party paid the sum of $23,617.82 in full settlement of the appellant's claim. The appellee, Metro Area Transit, and its compensation insurer agreed to the settlement and received an agreed amount in payment, consisting of 67.5 percent of its subrogation interest. The balance of the recovery, after payments of attorney fees, costs, and compensation advances, was retained by the appellant.
After the settlement appellant was temporarily totally disabled for 1 week and incurred additional medical expenses. The appellee refused to make any further payment and claimed it was entitled to set off the expense against the sum received by appellant. The Workmen's Compensation Court generally found for the employer and held that it was entitled to a credit in the amount of $5,600.09. This appeal followed.
The right of an employer to subrogation for amounts paid to the injured employee as workmen's compensation payments is well established in Nebraska statutory law. Rev. Stat. 3659 (1913) provided:
Where a third person is liable to the employe or to the dependents, for the injury or death, the employer shall be subrogated to the right of the employe or to the dependents against such third person, and the recovery by such employer shall not be limited to the amount payable as compensation to such employe or dependents, but such employer may recover any amount which such employe or his dependents would have been entitled to recover. Any recovery by the employer against such third person, in excess of the compensation paid by the employer after deducting the expenses of making such recovery, shall be paid forthwith to the employe or to the dependents, and shall be treated as an advance payment by the employer, on account of any future installments of compensation.
The quoted language remains a part of Neb. Rev. Stat. § 48-118 (Reissue 1984).
In Muncaster v. Graham Ice Cream Co., 103 Neb. 379, 172 N.W. 52 (1919), and in Thomas v. Otis Elevator Co., 103 Neb. 401, 172 N.W. 53 (1919), this court construed 3659. Notwithstanding the language of the section, we decided in Muncaster that
[u]nder the provisions of section 3659, the legislature intended, beyond question, to give to the injured employee a right of action where the injury complained of grew out of carelessness or negligence of a third party, and we hold that plaintiff has the right to maintain this cause of action under section 3659, and is bound under its provisions to strictly follow the procedure provided for, and, in case of recovery of damages, the funds must be distributed in the matter of expense, etc., under the provisions of this act. Evidently the intent of the legislature was not to limit an employee to the recovery only of the workmen's compensation act; but when, as a matter of justice, the employee was entitled to recover a greater compensation than is provided for in the act, then he had the right to proceed under the provisions of section 3659, and to recover as much as a jury would warrant for his damages and injuries, and, after so recovering, to deduct therefrom the necessary expenses which his employer had been to in paying out under the provisions of the act. In other words, the plain provisions of this act must be carefully and accurately followed in all of its provisions.
103 Neb. at 380-81, 172 N.W. at 52.
In Thomas we again reiterated that the employee retains his right of action against the third party, and the third party may not complain when the employer has assigned his subrogation interest to the employee.
In 1963 the above section (then 48-118 (Reissue 1960)) was amended. The announced purpose of the amendment "would . . . allow the attorney fees [employee's] to be prorated and one party must give to the other party notice of filing of suit . . . ." Labor and Public Welfare Committee Hearing, L.B. 699, 73d Leg. 1 (Apr. 24, 1963). See, also, Gillotte v. Omaha Public Power Dist., 189 Neb. 444, 203 N.W.2d 163 (1973).
Section 48-118 provides that
nothing in this section or act shall be construed to deny the right of an injured employee or of his personal representative to bring suit against such third person in his own name or in the name of the personal representative based upon such liability, but in such event an employer having paid or paying compensation to such employee or his dependents shall be made a party to the suit for the purpose of reimbursement, under the above provided right of subrogation, of any compensation paid. . . .
. . . A settlement of any lawsuit commenced under the provisions of this section shall be void unless (1) such settlement and the distribution of the proceeds of the settlement thereof are agreed upon in writing by the employee or his personal representative and the insurer of the employer if there be one, and if there be no insurer, then by the employer, or (2) in the absence of such agreement, such settlement is approved by the court before which the action is pending.
Both parties concede that in the settlement documents no mention is made of the right of appellee, Metro Area Transit, or its compensation carrier to set off future claims against the balance recovered by appellant. Professor Larson suggests that "[t]he carrier's right to have the excess of a third-party recovery credited against future compensation liability is a right that can be waived as part of a settlement." 2A A. Larson, The Law of Workmen's Compensation 74.31(e) at 14-427 (1983).
In Flott v. Wenger Mixer Manufacturing Co., 189 Kan. 80, 367 P.2d 44 (1961), that court held that the carrier's agreement to continue making all future disability benefits and medical expenses waived the provision of a Kansas statute that third-party recovery in excess of compensation payments paid will be credited against future compensation payments.
Larson adds, "Note that this waiver may come about, not necessarily as a result of an express waiver, but also as the result of agreeing to a settlement which does not by its terms include reimbursement for future benefits." 2A A. Larson, supra at 14-428; Hladek v. John A. Dalsin Son, 310 Minn. 178, 245 N.W.2d 593 (1976). This question has not previously been considered by this court.
Has the appellee waived its right to offset future payments? Waiver, according to Black's Law Dictionary 1417 (5th ed. 1979), is "[t]he intentional or voluntary relinquishment of a known right, or such conduct as warrants an inference of the relinquishment of such right . . . ." The right of subrogation in these cases arises by statute. The simple acceptance of payment for what one is by statute entitled to receive cannot waive the rights to future payments or offsets, absent something more than mere receipt of money due.
We note that the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in Rollins Outdoor Advertising v. W.C.A.B., 506 Pa. 592, 487 A.2d 794 (1985), held that provisions waiving an employee's right to future compensation and an employer's acceptance of a payment in full of accrued subrogation were void as against public policy, and also that the employer was entitled to credit for future payments against the proceeds of a third-party settlement. However, no agreement is before us. We can no more infer from the absence of evidence the waiver of the employee's right to future compensation after a third-party settlement than the waiver of the employer's subrogation interest in the excess in the event of future payments.
The judgment of the compensation court is affirmed.
AFFIRMED.