Summary
In Tonjes v. Tonjes (1964), 24 Wis.2d 120, 128 N.W.2d 446, the court concluded that, under the circumstances, it would be inequitable to require the wife to invade the corpus of her inheritance in lieu of all alimony, but it did point out that in order for her to meet her needs, even with increased alimony, it would be necessary for her to invade the principal of her separate estate.
Summary of this case from Lemm v. LemmOpinion
April 27, 1964 —
June 2, 1964.
APPEAL from a judgment of the circuit court for Fond du Lac county: WILLIAM C. O'CONNELL, Reserve Circuit Judge, Presiding. Modified and, as modified, affirmed.
For the appellant there were briefs by James R. Mattison and Becker, Kinnel, Doucette Mattison, all of Milwaukee, and oral argument by James R. Mattison.
For the respondent there was a brief by Welsh, Trowbridge, Bills, Planert Gould of Green Bay, and oral argument by Fred N. Trowbridge.
Jean Tonjes, a fifty-four-year old housewife, and John Tonjes, a fifty-six-year old attorney, were married in 1940. Both are residents of Fond du Lac. The parties have two children, Ann, aged twenty, a university student, and John. thirteen, who resides at home with his mother in Fond du Lac.
In October of 1962, Mrs. Tonjes commenced an action seeking an absolute divorce from her husband on the grounds of cruel and inhuman treatment. Mr. Tonjes answered and counterclaimed for an absolute divorce from his wife, alleging the same grounds.
The case was tried to the circuit court, which awarded an absolute divorce to Mr. Tonjes on the grounds of cruel and inhuman treatment. The court awarded custody of the children to Mrs. Tonjes, made a final division of the estate, and awarded Mrs. Tonjes $100 a month support for John, and $150 a month alimony. Mr. Tonjes was ordered to pay the college expenses for daughter Ann for 1964, which the court found to be $2,500. The court also found that Mr. Tonjes paid annual gross premiums of $2,000 on $71,000 of life insurance in which Mrs. Tonjes and the children were beneficiaries, but no order was entered on these policies other than to assign these policies (with their cash value of $8,900) to the defendant.
Mrs. Tonjes initially appealed both those portions of the judgment that awarded the divorce to her husband, and established alimony payments of $150. On oral argument her counsel moved to dismiss that portion of her appeal relating to the award of the divorce to John. Mr. Tonjes, in a petition for review, seeks to have the alimony payment totally disallowed.
The sole question presented on this appeal concerns alimony. The issue may be framed more precisely as follows: When a wife has demonstrated living expenses of $600 per month as being necessary to maintain the economic and social status to which she had become accustomed during a marriage of twenty-two years, did the trial court abuse its discretion in determining that alimony payments of $150 per month are adequate in light of (1) a division of estate granting her 36 percent of a total marital estate of $83,516.64; (2) an independent inheritance, or separate estate, of $98,000 yielding $260 income per month; (3) $100 per month support payments for a minor child; and (4) the fact that she was the "guilty party" causing the divorce?
The property of the parties which was subject to division is as follows:
Solely Owned Property Value at time of Husband Source of divorce — -------- ------ ------------- Securities Inheritance from husband's mother $19,697.06 Securities Inheritance from wife's parents 15,421.88 U.S. Bonds Husband's earnings 137.04 Joint Property -------------- U.S. Bonds Husband's earnings 2,262.60 Securities Gift from husband's aunt prior to marriage 2,554.00 Residence (equity) Husband's earnings 24,272.23 Wife's securities derived from husband 985.00 -------------------------------------- ---------- 65,329.81 Cash value husband's life insurance 8,900.00 — -------------------------------------------- ----------- $74,229.81 Husband's interest in furniture, furnishings, equipment, and library of law firm (all assets except cash and accounts receivable) 1,707.86 — -------------------------------------------- -------- 75,937.67 Husband's other interest in law firm ------------------------------------ (a) Accounts receivable 2,578.97 (b) Law firm cash items 5,000.00 ----------- $83,516.64 Household furniture, furnishings, and equipment not valued 1956 Chrysler and 1954 Dodge automobiles not valued Under sec. 247.26, Stats., Mrs. Tonjes was awarded a $30,000 homestead free from all encumbrances, except the 1963 real-estate tax, her husband being required to assume a mortgage of $5,728. She also received all household furniture and equipment, except certain personal items belonging to Mr. Tonjes, and a 1956 Chrysler automobile. The remaining estate, having a stipulated value of $53,516.64, was awarded to Mr. Tonjes. Therefore, Mrs. Tonjes received approximately 36 percent of the estate.
At the trial, Mrs. Tonjes established living expenses of $600 per month, which figure included real-estate taxes, food, and clothing expenses for herself and young John, insurance premiums, utilities, automobile operating costs, and entertainment and recreation expenses for herself and her son. This figure is not contested by Mr. Tonjes; rather he argues that under the circumstances of this case, the trial court should not have ordered the payment of any alimony, but, if it was correct for the court to order alimony, then the court properly exercised its discretion in requiring him to make alimony payments of only $150 and support payments of $100.
Upon termination of the marriage relationship, a husband has a continuing obligation to support his wife at the social and economic status to which she had become accustomed during the marriage. Although the division of an estate pursuant to sec. 247.26, Stats., is influenced to a degree by the conduct of the parties during the marriage, and by the wife's direct and indirect contributions to the estate during the marital relationship, the court may also consider a wife's future needs, and her ability to satisfy them from her special estate, or from her potential earning power when making a division pursuant to sec. 247.26. Although analytically severable for some purposes, considering that a division of estate reflects a judgment as to the wife's material and nonmaterial contributions during marriage, both alimony payments and division of the estate are means whereby a husband meets the obligation to support his wife in the status to which she was accustomed. Therefore, the same factors to be considered in making a division of estate may be considered to determine the amount of an alimony payment.
Caldwell v. Caldwell (1958), 5 Wis.2d 146, 92 N.W.2d 356; Bunde v. Bunde (1955), 270 Wis. 226, 70 N.W.2d 624; Borchers v. Borchers (1949), 254 Wis. 302, 36 N.W.2d 79.
Kronforst v. Kronforst (1963), 21 Wis.2d 54, 123 N.W.2d 528; Schneider v. Schneider (1961), 15 Wis.2d 245, 112 N.W.2d 584.
Brackob v. Brackob (1952), 262 Wis. 202, 54 N.W.2d 900.
Kronforst v. Kronforst, supra; Miner v. Miner (1960), 10 Wis.2d 438, 103 N.W.2d 4; Bunde v. Bunde, supra.
Mr. Tonjes has, for the past ten years, averaged $22,000 per year as income from his law practice. Given Mr. Tonjes' potential earning power, in addition to his property holdings of $53,000, he has the means to satisfy his wife's living expenses of $600, without significantly reducing his own standard of living.
However, the fact that a husband has the resources to satisfy his wife's continuing needs does not in and of itself justify imposing this liability on him. Only if the wife has no independent estate of her own, and/or lacks earning capacity, would the husband's relative affluence be a determinative factor in his alimony liability. Even under these circumstances, the court could properly consider the conduct of the parties during the marriage in making nonpunitive adjustments.
Kronforst v. Kronforst, supra.
In the instant case, Mrs. Tonjes has an independent estate of $98,000, which produces an income of $260 per month. The trial court could within its discretion properly conclude that Mrs. Tonjes could apply the $260 a month income from her inheritance to her living expenses of $600. To hold otherwise would be to eliminate the separate estate of the wife variable from consideration in assessing the obligation to continue support. However, the $260 income from her estate, and the $250 provided by Mr. Tonjes for alimony and support, pursuant to the divorce judgment, still fall short of the proven expenses of $600. To continue living in the status to which she had become accustomed, Mrs. Tonjes would have to invade the corpus of her inheritance. She has no future income earning capacity.
It is clear that the trial court considered this necessary invasion a proper result in view of the fact that Mrs. Tonjes was the "guilty" party in the divorce. While the trial court may consider the deliberate misconduct of the parties during the course of the marriage as a factor bearing upon division of estate and alimony payments by resolving certain ambiguities in economic position against the erring partner, he cannot utilize this variable as a device to affirmatively punish the "guilty" party. To require Mrs. Tonjes, who is in all probability unemployable, to invade the corpus of her inheritance to maintain her standard of living, to the extent of $90 per month, while her husband's ability to pay is sufficient to pay at least a portion of this $90 without affecting his standard of living, can only be viewed as a punishment for her conduct during marriage.
Kronforst v. Kronforst, supra; Trowbridge v. Trowbridge (1962), 16 Wis.2d 176, 114 N.W.2d 129; Knutson v. Knutson (1961), 15 Wis.2d 115, 111 N.W.2d 905.
We conclude that it was an abuse of discretion, under the circumstances as they existed at the time of the divorce, for the trial court to require the plaintiff to contribute from her corpus the full $90 needed to meet her proven expenses, and that ordering monthly alimony payments by Mr. Tonjes of $200 would achieve an equitable result, given Mrs. Tonjes' unemployability, her separate estate, Mr. Tonjes' ability to pay and the conduct of the parties leading up to the divorce.
Therefore, we conclude that the judgment should be modified so that Mr. Tonjes' alimony payments are increased from $150 per month to $200 per month.
Because a total denial of alimony would be an even more punishing result, Mr. Tonjes' claim in his petition for review is rejected.
By the Court. — Judgment is modified to increase alimony payments from $150 to $200 per month and, as so modified, affirmed.
DIETERICH J., dissents.