Subsequent interlocutory rulings in three related damage actions have agreed with Judge Perry's ruling. See Thomas v. City of St. Louis, No. 4:18-CV-01566, 2021 WL 4622502, at *5-6 (E.D. Mo. Oct. 7, 2021) ; Robertson v. City of St. Louis, No. 4:18-CV-01570, 2021 WL 4459728, at *4-5 (E.D. Mo. Sep. 29, 2021) ; Ziegler v. City of St. Louis, No. 4:18-CV-01577, 2021 WL 4459747, at *5-6 (E.D. Mo. Sep. 29, 2021). We agree with these decisions.