Opinion
No. 14-1745
06-23-2015
ARTHUR L. STONE, Appellant v. JEH JOHNSON, Acting Secretary, Department of Homeland Security
Dennis L. Friedman, Esq. [ARGUED] Suite 714 1515 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19102 Counsel for Appellant Richard M. Bernstein, Esq. [ARGUED] Office of United States Attorney 615 Chestnut Street Suite 1250 Philadelphia, PA 19106 Counsel for Appellee
NOT PRECEDENTIAL On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
(District Court No. 2-13-cv-03765)
District Judge: Hon. Stewart Dalzell
Before: McKEE, Chief Judge, RENDELL and SLOVITER, Circuit Judges. OPINION Dennis L. Friedman, Esq. [ARGUED]
Suite 714
1515 Market Street
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Counsel for Appellant
Richard M. Bernstein, Esq. [ARGUED]
Office of United States Attorney
615 Chestnut Street
Suite 1250
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Counsel for Appellee
MCKEE, Circuit Judge.
This disposition is not an opinion of the full court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent.
Plaintiff Arthur L. Stone appeals the District Court's order granting the Department of Homeland Security's Motion to Dismiss in the action that Stone filed alleging employment discrimination on the basis of his disability. For the reasons that follow, we will reverse the order of the District Court and remand.
The District Court had jurisdiction of this case pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c). This court has jurisdiction of this appeal under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
I.
Stone was a Federal Air Marshal employed by the Transportation Security Administration ("TSA"). He was removed from his position because he had a medical condition that rendered him unable to perform his duties. Less than a year after being removed, he claimed to have recovered and requested that he be returned to duty. However, he continued to receive disability benefits from the Office of Workers' Compensation Program ("OWCP"). When the TSA refused to reinstate him, Stone filed a complaint before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission alleging discrimination in violation of Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 791 et seq., as reprisal for "engaging in prior EEO activity challenging his termination." The Administrative Judge ruled in favor of the TSA, concluding that, although Stone established a prima facie case of reprisal, the TSA articulated a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for its action: Stone continued to receive benefits. The Commission affirmed the Administrative Judge's order.
Stone appealed the EEOC's affirmance of the Administrative Judge's order to the District Court. The Department of Homeland Security ("DHS") filed a motion to dismiss, contending that Stone's action should be dismissed as collaterally estopped. The District Court granted the motion and this appeal followed.
We exercise plenary review of a district court's order granting a motion to dismiss on the basis of collateral estoppel. See, e.g., Jean Alexander Cosmetics, Inc. v. L'Oreal USA, Inc., 458 F.3d 244, 248-49 (3d Cir. 2006). Such a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) should be "granted only if, accepting the well-pleaded allegations in the complaint as true and viewing them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, a court concludes that those allegations 'could not raise a claim of entitlement to relief.'" Simon v. FIA Card Servs., N.A., 732 F.3d 259, 264 (3d Cir. 2013) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 558 (2007)).
II.
Four requirements must be met in order for a claim to be collaterally estopped: (1) the identical issue must have been previously adjudicated; (2) the issue must have been actually litigated; (3) the previous determination of the issue must have been necessary to the decision; and (4) the party being precluded from relitigating the issue must have been fully represented in the prior action. Jean Alexander Cosmetics, 458 F.3d at 249. Mr. Stone does not deny that all four factors are present here. Stone contends, however, that the District Court should not have relied on the EEOC's ruling that the TSA did not discriminate against him because the EEOC's decision was "not a final, unappealable decision" and that he is entitled to trial de novo under 5 U.S.C. §§ 7702(a)(3)(B), (e)(1) and § 7703. We agree.
Agency decisions under Title VII do not have preclusive effect because, under that statute, federal employees are entitled to a trial de novo of their employment discrimination claims in federal court. See Chandler v. Roudebush, 425 U.S. 840, 845 (1976). While Stone's claim of discrimination arises under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, instead of Title VII, we have previously explained that federal employees suing under the Rehabilitation Act are also entitled to de novo review of administrative decisions in federal court:
In his brief before this court, Stone argued he was "alleging that the Agency had failed to restore him to his position, in violation of the restoration regulations and that the Agency's decision to deny him his restoration rights was motivated by impermissible discrimination under the Rehabilitation Act and, in particular, in reprisal for his having engaged in prior EEO activity." (Appellant Br. at 2-3.) Likewise, in his Amended Complaint before the District Court, Stone stated that "the Agency had failed to restore him to his position, in violation of the restoration regulations and that the Agency's decision to deny him his restoration rights was motivated by impermissible discrimination under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and, in particular, in reprisal for his having engaged in prior EEO activity." (J.A. 63.) In its decision, the EEOC also noted that "in his decision, the [ALJ] referred to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. (Title VII). Complainant's reprisal allegation, however, falls under the Rehabilitation Act." (J.A. 26.) --------
On conclusion of the administrative proceeding, a district court may provide two distinct forms of relief. First, a federal employee who prevails in the administrative process may sue in federal court to enforce an administrative decision with which an agency has failed to comply. Such an enforcement action does not trigger de novo review of the merits of the employee's claims. . . . Alternatively, a federal employee unhappy with theMorris v. Rumsfeld, 420 F.3d 287, 290 (3d Cir. 2005) (citing Chandler, 425 U.S. at 863. Because Stone appealed the EEOC's decision, the District Court should have reviewed Stone's claims de novo. Therefore, it erred in dismissing Stone's suit as collaterally estopped.
administrative decision may bring his or her claims to a district court, under Section 505(a) of the Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. § 794a(a), and receive the same de novo consideration that a private sector employee enjoys in a Title VII action, under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c).
III.
For the reasons set forth above, we will reverse the judgment of the District Court and remand for proceedings in accordance with this decision.