Opinion
No. 02 AP 0774.
Decided June 5, 2003.
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS: Criminal Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas of Carroll County, Ohio Case No. 01 CR 4222.
For Plaintiff-Appellee: Atty. Donald R. Burns, Jr. Prosecuting Attorney 49 Public Square Carrollton, Ohio 44615.
For Defendant-Appellant: Atty. John M. Gartrell Joint County Public Defender's Office 153 North Broadway New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663.
HON. CHERYL L. WAITE, HON. GENE DONOFRIO, and HON. MARY DEGENARO.
OPINION
{¶ 1} This appeal challenges whether the Carroll County Court of Common Pleas properly imposed the maximum prison term when it sentenced Todd Trussel ("Appellant"). Appellant failed to file an appeal of the judgment entry that first imposed the prison term, thus, he waived his ability to challenge the imposition of the maximum sentence. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
{¶ 2} Appellant was indicted on March 5, 2001, in a three count indictment charging him with burglary, theft and forgery.
{¶ 3} On April 12, 2001, Appellant entered a plea of guilty to one count of theft in violation R.C. 2913.02(A)(1), a fifth degree felony.
{¶ 4} On April 13, 2001, the court sentenced Appellant to, "serve a definite term of incarceration of twelve (12) months at the Ohio Department of Corrections * * *." The court found that Appellant committed the worst form of the offense and that the shortest prison term would demean the seriousness of Appellant's conduct. The court also held that, "said sentence was suspended and defendant is sentenced to five (5) years community control * * *."
{¶ 5} On October 24, 2001, Appellant appeared before the court on a probation violation. It was alleged that a misdemeanor charge was pending against him in Carroll County Court. On March 19, 2002, Appellant appeared before the court for a second probation violation involving underage consumption, failure to complete substance abuse counseling, and a misdemeanor conviction in Alliance Municipal Court. The court appointed counsel for Appellant, and both violations were heard on March 21, 2002. Appellant stipulated to the violations. (3/21/02 Tr., p. 5.)
{¶ 6} The court filed its judgment entry dealing with the probation violations on March 21, 2002. The court ordered Appellant's probation to be revoked and terminated and reimposed the twelve-month prison sentence, quoting the language used in the original sentencing entry of April 13, 2001. The court gave Appellant credit for 141 days of jail time. This timely appeal followed.
{¶ 7} Motions for stay of execution were denied in both the trial court and this Court.
{¶ 8} Appellant's sole assignment of error asserts:
{¶ 9} "Did The Trial Court Err In Sentencing Defendant/Appellant On His First Felony Ocnviction [sic] To A Maximum Sentence Of Twelve (12) [Months] For A Fifth Degree Felony?"
{¶ 10} Appellant first argues that the trial court did not fulfill the requirements set forth in R.C. 2929.14(B) because Appellant was a first time felony offender. R.C. 2929.14(B) requires the court to impose the shortest prison term for the offense unless:
{¶ 11} "(1) The offender was serving a prison term at the time of the offense, or the offender previously had served a prison term.
{¶ 12} "(2) The court finds on the record that the shortest prison term will demean the seriousness of the offender's conduct or will not adequately protect the public from future crime by the offender or others."
{¶ 13} After asserting this argument, Appellant abandons it by acknowledging that the trial court specifically stated in the April 13, 2001, judgment entry that the minimum sentence would demean the seriousness of the offense.
{¶ 14} Appellant then argues that the court did not sufficiently justify imposing the maximum prison sentence for a fifth degree felony, which is twelve months. Appellant argues that the court must specify its reasons for imposing a maximum prison term, citing R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(d):
{¶ 15} "(2) The court shall impose a sentence and shall make a finding that gives its reasons for selecting the sentence imposed in any of the following circumstances:
{¶ 16} "* * *
{¶ 17} "(d) If the sentence is for one offense and it imposes a prison term for the offense that is the maximum prison term allowed for that offense by division (A) of section 2929.14 of the Revised Code, its reasons for imposing the maximum prison term;"
{¶ 18} We cannot address Appellant's argument because he waived the argument when he failed to file a direct appeal of the April 13, 2001, sentencing entry. In that entry, the trial court sentenced Appellant to a definite term of imprisonment of twelve months. This Court has ruled twice, in recent cases, that a sentencing entry that actually imposes a definite term of incarceration (in contrast to a direct sentence to community control where any prison sentence that is mentioned as a mere possibility) must be appealed immediately in order to preserve any errors associated with the imposed prison term. State v. Pitts (Mar. 14, 2001), 7th Dist. No. 99 BA 67; State v. Baker (Dec. 26, 2002), 7th Dist. No. 02 AP 0771. It should be noted that Baker involved an appeal of a sentence imposed by the same judge involved in the instant appeal.
{¶ 19} An appealable issue must be raised at the earliest opportunity to do so. State v. Williams (1996), 74 Ohio St.3d 454, 455, 659 N.E.2d 1253. This Court obtains jurisdiction to review a final, appealable order only if a timely notice of appeal is filed pertaining to that order. App.R. 4(A); Moldovan v. Cuyahoga Cty. Welfare Dept. (1986), 25 Ohio St.3d 293, 294-295, 25 OBR 343, 496 N.E.2d 466. Failure to file a timely appeal of a final, appealable order constitutes a waiver of the right to appeal any errors contained within the order. In re Appropriation for Juvenile and Probate Division for 1979 (1980), 62 Ohio St.2d 99, 101, 403 N.E.2d 974.
{¶ 20} A judgment of conviction and a subsequent order imposing a prison term together constitute a final, appealable order from which an appeal may be taken. State v. Pasqualone (2000), 140 Ohio App.3d 650, 655, 748 N.E.2d 1153.
{¶ 21} It is clear that Appellant was properly convicted of a fifth degree felony, and that Judge Martin imposed an actual prison sentence. These two elements constitute a final, appealable order. Although there may have been errors in the way that Judge Martin imposed the maximum prison sentence, Appellant was required to file a direct appeal of the sentencing entry to address to those errors. Appellant did not file an appeal of the April 13, 2001, sentencing entry. He cannot attempt to appeal that entry by filing an appeal of a subsequent decision in the case.
{¶ 22} Based on our recent holding in Baker, 7th Dist. No. 02 AP 0771, we hold that Appellant has waived the right to appeal the trial court's decision to impose the maximum prison sentence because Appellant failed to file an appeal of the order that originally imposed the sentence. Appellant's sole assignment of error is overruled and the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
Donofrio, J., concurs.
DeGenaro, J., dissents.
{¶ 23} I must respectfully dissent from the majority for the same reasons in my dissent in State v. Vlad, 2003-Ohio-2930, 790 N.E.2d 1246.
{¶ 24} Accordingly, I would find Trussell's assignment of error has not been waived and would resolve it on the merits, as the trial court in this case imposed Trussell's sentence after his probation violation hearing, only then triggering his right to appeal.