Summary
holding that language indicating "one twenty dollar bank note on the State Bank of North Carolina" was sufficient
Summary of this case from State v. MostafaviOpinion
June Term, 1825.
In an indictment for stealing a bank note, a description of the note in the following words, "one $20 bank note on the State Bank of North Carolina, of the value of $20," is good.
INDICTMENT for grand larceny, charging the defendant with having stolen "one $20 bank note on the State Bank of North Carolina, of the value of $20, of the goods and chattels of one," etc., and the only question before this Court was as to the sufficiency of the description of the note in the bill of indictment. The case stood here upon the appeal of Mr. Solicitor Wilson, for the State, from the judgment pronounced below for the defendant.
In the description of the thing stolen, in an indictment for larceny, so much is certainly essential as will enable the jury to decide whether the chattel proved to have been stolen is the very same with that upon which the indictment is founded and will give to the court judicial knowledge that it could have been the subject of the offense charged, to the end that the defendant may be protected from a subsequent prosecution for the same cause. Upon the first ground the jury can have no difficulty, from the description in this indictment to form an opinion whether the bill actually stolen is the same the prisoner is charged with stealing. The other inquiry depends upon the act of the Assembly creating the offense, which makes it felony to steal "any bank note, check, or order for the payment of money issued by or drawn on any bank or other society or corporation within this (619) State or within any of the United States." 1811, ch. 814. If, therefore, it appears on the face of the indictment to be a note of the State Bank, it comes within the very words of the act, and is conformable to approved precedents for a similar offense under the statute upon which this act is framed; for under the statute of Geo. II., which makes stealing choses in action felony, it has been uniformly held that an indictment for stealing bank notes is good if it merely describes them as such, without setting them forth. Thus it has been holden sufficient to allege that the defendant "stole divers, to wit, nine bank notes for the payment of divers sums of money, in the whole amounting to a large sum of money, to wit, the sum of ________ of lawful money, and of the value of _________," without even stating the value of any individual note. 2 Leach, 1103. A note on the State Bank is as intelligible as a note issued by the bank, and would be understood in common acceptation in the same sense, for it is a familiar mode of speech to say "a note on or upon a man," and is understood as a note drawn by a man. Nor was it necessary to allege that it was a note on or issued by "the president and directors," for though that is the corporate name of the bank by which alone they can sue or be sued, yet it is called in the act creating it "the State Bank," and by that name restrictions are imposed upon it. Section 14. A difference is taken in the authorities where a corporation is party to a suit, and where it is only referred to in a suit in which it is not a party. In the former case it must be exactly described by its corporate name; in the latter it is sufficient to describe it in such a manner as to identify the corporation. 1 Kyd on Corp., 227; Bac. Ab., "Corporation, C.," 25.
A more general description of the note stolen than the one contained in this indictment has been repeatedly held good. The charge was for stealing from the person of A. "one bank note of the value of $10, of the goods and chattels of the said A." Exceptions were taken (620) to this description, which were overruled, the court holding that a bank note was by necessary implication a note for the payment of money, and that generally a person from whom a note is stolen is incapable of giving a very particular description of it. 1 Mass. 336. In 3 Bos. Pull., 145, a case is cited by one of the judges in which a man was indicted for stealing a 5 l. note, without adding any further description of the note, the person from whom it was stolen not recollecting the tenor of the note; and, the point being reserved for the opinions of the judges, they held the indictment sufficient. I am, therefore, of opinion that the judgment rendered in this case was erroneous, and must be reversed.
HALL and HENDERSON, JJ., assenting.
PER CURIAM. Reversed.
Cited: S. v. Boon, 49 N.C. 466; S. v. Fulford, 61 N.C. 563; S. v. Bishop, 98 N.C. 776.