Opinion
No. 2010AP002501-CR.
Opinion Filed: April 6, 2011.
APPEAL from a judgment of the circuit court for Racine County: JOHN S. JUDE, Judge. Affirmed.
¶ 1 Rafael Labedzki appeals from a judgment of the circuit court convicting him of operating while under the influence of an intoxicant. Labedzki argues that his conviction should be reversed as the trooper who conducted the traffic stop did not have reasonable suspicion to ask Labedzki to perform a series of field sobriety tests. We disagree and affirm his conviction.
FACTS
¶ 2 In the early evening of May 31, 2009, Wisconsin State Patrolman Mark Barlar pulled over Labedzki for driving seventy-seven miles per hour in a sixty-five mile an hour speed zone. After he pulled Labedzki over for speeding, the trooper approached the vehicle on the passenger side and observed two people in Labedzki's vehicle. The trooper also noticed the smell of alcohol emanating from the vehicle. Based on the passenger's "mannerisms," the trooper suspected that he was drunk. Labedzki was wearing sunglasses, which the trooper asked him to remove. Once Labedzki removed his sunglasses, the trooper noticed that his eyes were "bloodshot and glassy." When asked if he had been drinking, Labedzki stated that he had one drink.
¶ 3 At this point, the trooper asked Labedzki to get out of his car. As the trooper was speaking with Labedzki, he noticed the smell of alcohol on Labedzki's breath. Based on his suspicion that Labedzki was intoxicated, the trooper asked Labedzki to perform a series of field sobriety tests. Based upon Labedzki's performance, the trooper arrested him for operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated.
¶ 4 Labedzki was subsequently charged with operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated and operating a motor vehicle with a prohibited alcohol concentration (both second offenses). Labedzki filed a motion to suppress the evidence of intoxication on the grounds that the trooper did not have reasonable suspicion to stop him nor probable cause to arrest him. The circuit court denied the motion and Labedzki was later convicted of operating while under the influence of an intoxicant. Labedzki appeals, arguing that the trooper did not have reasonable suspicion to ask him to take his glasses off or to ask him to perform a series of field sobriety tests.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶ 5 Whether reasonable suspicion exists is a question of constitutional fact. State v. Powers , 2004 WI App 143, ¶ 6, 275 Wis. 2d 456, 685 N.W.2d 869. When reviewing questions of constitutional fact we apply a two-step standard of review. Id. First, we uphold the circuit court's factual finding unless they are clearly erroneous. Id. Second, we apply the facts and conduct a de novo review of whether there was reasonable suspicion. Id.
¶ 6 "The question of what constitutes reasonableness is a common sense test." State v. Waldner , 206 Wis. 2d 51, 56, 556 N.W.2d 681 (1996). Examining the totality of the facts, we ask ourselves "[w]hat would a reasonable police officer reasonably suspect in light of his or her training and experience[?]" Id. at 56, 58.
DISCUSSION
¶ 7 The facts in the record, which Labedzki does not dispute, support the conclusion that the trooper had reasonable suspicion to ask Labedzki to remove his sunglasses and to ask Labedzki to perform field sobriety tests. When the trooper approached Labedzki's vehicle on the passenger side, he noticed the smell of alcohol emanating from the vehicle. He also suspected that the passenger was drunk based upon his "mannerisms." Confronted with this situation, it was reasonable for the trooper to investigate whether Labedzki was drinking as well by asking Labedzki to remove his sunglasses. After Labedzki removed his sunglasses, the trooper noticed that his eyes were "bloodshot and glassy." As bloodshot and glassy eyes are consistent with alcohol consumption, the trooper asked Labedzki if he had been drinking. Labedzki responded that he had one drink.
¶ 8 The trooper then decided that he would ask Labedzki to exit the vehicle. According to the trooper, he asked Labedzki to get out of his vehicle because the trooper wanted to see if Labedzki's breath smelled like alcohol. The trooper testified that while he was speaking to Labedzki "I could smell the odor of intoxicating beverage actually coming from him." While Labedzki continued to insist that he only had one drink, the trooper testified that "[i]t's been my experience that if you have one drink, you don't get the smell of the intoxicating beverage that I was smelling so I thought I better do standardized field sobriety tests to see if he was actually intoxicated." The trooper asked Labedzki to perform a series of field sobriety tests. Given that the trooper observed an alcoholic smell coming from Labedzki's vehicle, a passenger who appeared drunk, bloodshot and glassy eyes on Labedzki, and a strong alcoholic smell coming from Labedzki's breath, it was entirely reasonable for the trooper to ask Labedzki to perform field sobriety tests.
CONCLUSION
¶ 9 As we hold that the trooper had reasonable suspicion, we affirm the circuit court's denial of Labedzki's motion to suppress. Labedzki's conviction is affirmed.
By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.
This opinion will not be published. See WIS. STAT. RULE 809. 23(1)(b)4.