Opinion
Filed 8 April, 1964.
Automobiles 74 — Where, in a prosecution for operating an automobile upon a public highway while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, the court correctly defines "under the influence," the fact that the court also charges that it was immaterial whether the liquor or beverage consumed was beer, wine, whiskey, or whether it was a spoonful or a quart, etc., held not prejudicial error. G.S. 20-138.
APPEAL by defendant from Johnston, J., 4 September 1963 Criminal Session of FORSYTH.
This is a criminal action in which the defendant was tried in the Municipal Court of the City of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, upon a warrant charging that he did unlawfully and wilfully drive a motor vehicle upon the public highways of North Carolina while "under the influence of intoxicating liquors." From a verdict of guilty and the judgment imposed thereon, the defendant appealed to the Superior Court of Forsyth County where he was tried de novo upon the same warrant.
The jury returned a verdict of guilty. A prison term was imposed but suspended for a period of two years upon the conditions set out in the judgment.
The defendant appeals, assigning error.
Attorney General Bruton, Deputy Attorney General Harry W. McGalliard for the State.
Deal, Hutchins Minor for the defendant.
The defendant does not contend that the State's evidence was insufficient to carry the case to the jury. The only assignments of error are to certain portions of the charge.
The court charged the jury three times as to what constitutes being under the influence of an intoxicating liquor or beverage within the meaning of G.S. 20-138 in substantially the following language: "The court has heretofore instructed you and again instructs you that a person, is under the influence of an intoxicating liquor or beverage when that person has drunk or consumed a sufficient quantity of some intoxicating liquor or beverage, be it beer, wine or whiskey, be it a spoonful or a quart, be it a bottle of beer or a quart of liquor, to cause him to lose the normal control of either his mental or bodily faculties or both of these faculties to such an extent that there is a noticeable and appreciable impairment of either one or both of these faculties."
The defendant assigns as error the inclusion of the words, "be it beer, wine or whiskey, be it a spoonful or a quart, be it a bottle of beer or a quart of liquor," in the charge which is in other respects substantially in accord with the rule laid down in the case of S. v. Carroll, 226 N.C. 237, 37 S.E.2d 688, where the defendant had been charged, tried and convicted of a violation of G.S. 20-138.
The correct test within the meaning of the statute is not whether the party charged with the violation thereof had drunk or consumed a spoonful or a quart of intoxicating beverage, but whether a person is under the influence of an intoxicating liquor or narcotic drug by reason of his having drunk a sufficient quantity of an intoxicating beverage or taken a sufficient amount of narcotic drugs, to cause him to lose normal control of his bodily or mental faculties, or both, to such an extent that there is an appreciable impairment of either or both of these faculties.
It is common knowledge that a very small amount of an intoxicating liquor might substantially affect the mental and physical faculties of one person, while such an amount might not appreciably affect some other person.
The gravamen of the offense charged here, as in the Carroll case, was driving a motor vehicle upon a public highway while under the influence of an intoxicant.
The rule laid down and approved in the Carroll case has been cited with approval by this Court some twenty or more times, and we think the instruction approved in that case is a clear, simple and adequate guide for a jury to determine whether or not a defendant was at the time involved under the influence of an intoxicating liquor or a narcotic drug within the meaning of the statute, and any substantial deviation therefrom is not approved.
However, since in the trial below the court each time it gave the instruction complained of included the instruction approved in the Carroll case, we do not think the instruction with respect to the consumption "of a spoonful or a quart" of intoxicating liquor or beverage was sufficiently prejudicial to justify a new trial in light of the evidence in this case.
In the trial below, we find
No error.