Opinion
No. 4880.
Argued October 4, 1960.
Decided October 28, 1960.
1. An indictment charging that the respondent as an accessory after the fact to first degree murder (RSA 590:2) did feloniously receive, harbor and maintain the principal after the respondent knew the principal had committed the crime, without setting forth the means by which the accessory so acted, contained allegation of facts sufficient to satisfy the constitutional requirement (Pt. I, Art. 15th) that the offense be "fully and plainly, substantially and formally described."
INDICTMENT, charging that the respondent was an accessory after the fact in the commission of the offense of first degree murder by William F. Murphy, in that the respondent, well knowing that Murphy had committed the offense "afterwards, to wit: on the thirtieth day of March [1960] at Manchester . . . him, the said William F. Murphy did feloniously receive, harbor and maintain." RSA 590:2.
The respondent's motion to quash the indictment upon the ground that it "merely states a conclusion of law and alleges no specific acts performed by the defendant which give rise to said conclusion of law" was heard and denied by the Court (Leahy, C.J.), subject to the respondent's exception, which was reserved and transferred by the Presiding, Justice in advance of trial.
Conrad Danais, county attorney, Louis C. Wyman, Attorney General, and Irma A. Matthews, Law Assistant (Mrs. Matthews orally), for the State.
Devine, Millimet McDonough and Bartram C. Branch (Mr. Branch orally), for the respondent.
In the recent case of State v. Ball, 101 N.H. 62, it was held that an indictment charging that an accessory before the fact "did feloniously incite, move, procure and counsel" the principal to commit crime satisfied the constitutional requirement that an offense shall be "fully and plainly, substantially and formally described." Const., Pt. I, Art. 15th. The respondent seeks to distinguish this holding by pointing out that the offense of the principal which the respondent Ball was charged with having procured was set forth in detail in the indictment so that that respondent was better apprised of the exact nature of the offense charged against him than is this respondent whose offense is alleged to have occurred after and independently of the principal crime.
The fact remains that the indictment in the Ball case furnished Ball with no more particulars as to the means by which he was alleged to have incited, moved and procured the crime, than does the pending indictment as to the means by which Davis is claimed to have received, harbored and maintained the alleged murderer.
The charge of receiving, harboring and maintaining is an allegation of fact in language of recognized meaning in customary form. See anno. 130 A.L.R. 150; Justice Sheriff (1931 ed.) 398, 399. The authorities uniformly hold it unnecessary "to set forth the means by which . . . the accessory after [the fact] received, concealed or comforted [the principal]." State v. Neddo, 92 Me. 71, 77. See also, Coffin v. United States, 156 U.S. 432; 4 Wharton Crim. Law Procedure (Anderson ed.) ss. 1791-1792; anno., 116 A.L.R. 1104.
The case of State v. Gilbert, 89 N.H. 134, relied upon by the respondent, is not controlling. There the respondent was charged with reckless operation of a motor vehicle, with no allegation concerning the conduct which was alleged to have made the operation reckless. The indictment thus stated a mere conclusion that a lawful act had been performed in an unlawful manner. The pending indictment on the other hand charges this respondent with specific acts which if committed were unlawful without regard to the manner in which they were done so long as done with knowledge of the commission of the principal crime. Perkins, Crim. Law 578; Clark and Marshall, Crimes (6th ed., Wingersky Rev.) s. 8.06. No conclusion of law was drawn in the presentment of the grand jury in this case, which thus differs from State v. Gilbert, supra.
The respondent's motion was properly denied. State v. Story, 97 N.H. 141, 146; State v. Giles, 81 N.H. 328; State v. Ball, supra.
Exception overruled.
KENISON, C.J., dissented; the others concurred.