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stating that "quo warranto is not allowable as preventative of, or remedy for, `official misconduct and cannot be employed to test the legality of the official action of public or corporate officers'"
Summary of this case from State v. HansonOpinion
No. 32,801.
January 6, 1941.
Quo warranto — nature of remedy — legality of official action — purchases without competitive bidding.
The writ of quo warranto is not the remedy for official misconduct and so not to be employed to test the legality of official action. Rule applied to proposed purchase of material by commissioner of administration without competitive bidding.
Proceeding in the nature of quo warranto upon the relation of George H. Lommen to test the right of Leslie M. Gravlin as commissioner of administration and Stafford King as state auditor to make proposed purchases without competitive bidding of materials for uniforming officers and men of the State Defense Force. Upon demurrer by respondents and motions to quash. Writ quashed.
George H. Lommen, pro se.
J.A.A. Burnquist, Attorney General, Chester S. Wilson, Deputy Attorney General, and George B. Sjoselius, Special Assistant Attorney General, for respondents.
In this proceeding in the nature of quo warranto, the information and alternative writ are challenged by respondents' demurrers and motions to quash.
August 28, 1940, the governor, as commander-in-chief of the military and naval forces of the state, formally directed the adjutant general to "proceed at once with the organization, training and equipping of a State Defense Force from the Unorganized Militia as provided" by 1 Mason Minn. St. 1927, §§ 2399, 2404, 2407. The purpose was to create a substitute for the National Guard as and when the latter is ordered into active duty outside of the state in the federal service.
Considering that an emergency existed (see 3 Mason Minn. St. 1940 Supp. § 53-18e), respondent Gravlin, as commissioner of administration, proposes, without competitive bids, to purchase "cotton and woolen cloth for uniforming approximately 5,350 officers and men" for prices far in excess of $500. So reads the information. Other and related actions of the commissioner of administration are also challenged. But the main purpose of the information is to prevent the purchase of the material for uniforms without competitive bidding. Such course, in the absence of emergency, would be a violation of the statute. 3 Mason Minn. St. 1940 Supp. § 53-18e. Respondent King, as state auditor, is joined in the effort to prevent what is considered by relator an illegal expenditure of public funds.
The objection, raised by the demurrer and motion to quash, is well taken. It is that the writ of quo warranto is not allowable as preventive of, or remedy for, "official misconduct and can not be employed to test the legality of the official action of public or corporate officers." High, Extraordinary Legal Remedies (2 ed.) § 618, p. 485. The authorities generally accord with this rule. People ex rel. Farrington v. Whitcomb, 55 Ill. 172; McDonough v. Bacon, 143 Ga. 283, 84 S.E. 588; State v. Scott, 70 Neb. 681, 97 N.W. 1021; Attorney General v. Lyons, 220 Mass. 536, 108 N.E. 356: State ex rel. Landis v. Valz, 117 Fla. 311, 157 So. 651. Their unanimity has been recognized if not approved by this court. State ex rel. Childs v. Board of Co. Commrs. 66 Minn. 519, 530, 68 N.W. 767, 69 N.W. 925, 73 N.W. 631, 35 L.R.A. 745.
There is no occasion to determine whether an information in the nature of quo warranto is a proper remedy where the official misconduct alleged would ipso facto be ground for forfeiture of the office. See 51 C. J. pp. 319, 320; Royall v. Thomas, 28 Gratt. (Va.) 130, 26 Am. R. 335; State ex rel. Smith v. Darnall, 123 Kan. 643, 256 P. 974. That question is not presented. No franchise or right to office being involved, the case is not one for a writ of quo warranto. Hence the demurrers to the information must be sustained and the motions to quash the alternative writ granted.
So ordered.
MR. JUSTICE LORING took no part.