Opinion
Declaratory judgment action in which the plaintiff moved to consolidate the same with Federal Tort Claims Act case. The District Court, Daugherty, J., held that Federal Tort Claims Act case against United States which involved as its main issue whether particular person at time of accident was an agent, servant or employee of United States acting within scope of her employment and, if so, whether she was guilty of alleged negligence proximately causing accident, and declaratory judgment case involving as main issue whether at time of accident such person had permission from United States to use automobile she was driving did not basically involve a common question of law and fact and their consolidation for trial was refused.
Plaintiff's motion to consolidate denied.
See also D.C., 45 F.R.D. 521.
James W. Shepherd, of Foliart, Shepherd & Mills, Oklahoma City, Okl., for plaintiff.
Howard K. Berry, Jr., of Berry & Berry, Oklahoma City, Okl., for defendant.
ORDER
DAUGHERTY, District Judge.
The Plaintiff has moved to Consolidate this case with Civil Action No. 68-320, Betty Erwin v. United States of America, now pending before another Judge of this Court. Plaintiff's case before the undersigned is a Declaratory Judgment case and the main issue is whether Margaret Stack had permission from the United States of America to use the car involved at the time of the accident. Civil Action No. 68-320, supra, is a Federal Tort Claims Act case against the United States of America in which the Plaintiff therein claims that she was injured by an agent of the United States of America acting within the scope of her employment at the time, the agent being said Margaret Stack. Betty Erwin also has a state court action against the Defendant in this case, F. H. King, as administrator of the Estate of Margaret Stack, Deceased. It is this state court action which brings about this Declaratory Judgment matter. The Defendant herein opposes the Plaintiff's Motion to Consolidate the Declaratory Judgment action and the Federal Tort Claims Act case.
Rule 42(a), F.R.Civ.P., 28 U.S.C.A., provides for the consolidation of actions which involve a common question of law or fact which are pending before the same court. A trial court has broad discretion in ordering the consolidation of cases for trial. Gillette Motor Transport v. Northern Oklahoma Butane Company, 179 F.2d 711 (10 Cir. 1950). As stated by the Rule, a common question of law or fact should be involved in the two actions sought to be consolidated. Olivier v. Humble Oil & Refining Co., 225 F.Supp. 536 (U.S.D.C.La.1963).
The main issue in Civil Action No. 68-320 is whether or not Margaret Stack at the time of the accident was an agent, servant or employee of the United States of America acting within the scope of her employment and, if so, whether she was guilty of alleged negligence proximately causing the accident. In the case before this Court, the main issue is whether at the time of the accident involved herein the said Margaret Stack had permission from the United States of America to use the automobile which she was driving and which was involved in the accident.
It appears quite clear that one in the use of an automobile belonging to another may be doing so for and on behalf of the owner as his agent or may be using the same solely for and on behalf of himself but with the permission of the owner of the car. In the former case the owner would be responsible for any negligence of the driver but in the latter case the owner would not be responsible for any such negligence. Thus, it appears to the Court that these two cases do not basically involve a common question of law or fact and the purpose of the federal rule is not met.
Moreover, a trial court in its discretion should not consolidate actions where confusion or prejudice may result. American Photocopy Equipment Co. v. Fair (Inc.), 35 F.R.D. 236 (D.C.Ill.1963). The Court is of the opinion that confusion will result if the two cases are consolidated. This determination is enhanced by the fact that the Federal Tort Claims Act case must be tried before the Court, whereas, the Declaratory Judgment action is a jury matter and a jury has been demanded in this case. It thus appears that a Judge in the Federal Tort Claims Act case must determine if Margaret Stack at the time of the accident was the agent of the United States of America, and then, if so, whether or not she was guilty of negligence, as claimed, whereas, in the Declaratory Judgment case a jury must determine whether Margaret Stack at the time of the accident had permission of the United States of America to drive its car which was involved in the accident. If she had such permission, the insurance policy would cover the accident whether she was the agent of the Government at the time or not. On the other hand, the United States of America would not be responsible for her negligence in the action if she was not its agent at the time even though the United States of America may have granted her permission to use the automobile for her personal enjoyment.
Therefore, in the discretion of the Court, the Plaintiff's Motion to Consolidate is denied.