Summary
In Cowart, we determined that the trial court's June 2008 interim judgment, which determined that Margaret Cowart's back condition arose out of and in the course of her employment and ordered SouthernCare, Inc. (“SCI”), to be responsible for the care and treatment of that condition, was not a final judgment and was therefore not appealable. Cowart, 48 So.3d at 633.
Summary of this case from Southerncare, Inc. v. CowartOpinion
No. 2071117.
July 31, 2009.
Appeal from Calhoun Circuit Court (CV-07-319); John Thomason, Judge.
Thomas L. Oliver II, Joseph H. Driver, and Richard E. Trewhella, Jr., of Carr Allison, Birmingham, for appellant.
Donald R. Rhea of Rhea, Boyd, Rhea Coggin, Gadsden, for appellee.
On June 24, 2008, the Calhoun Circuit Court entered an "interim judgment" determining that Margaret Cowart's injuries had occurred within the line and scope of her employment with SouthernCare, Inc., and ordering that SouthernCare authorize Dr. James White to treat Cowart for those injuries. SouthernCare filed a motion challenging the "interim judgment" on July 23, 2008; that motion was denied by the trial court on August 4, 2008. On August 8, 2008, SouthernCare filed a petition for the writ of mandamus seeking relief from the "interim judgment"; that petition was denied on August 19, 2008, without an opinion. Ex parte Southern-Care, Inc., 30 So.3d 474 (Ala.Civ.App. 2008) (table). SouthernCare then filed a timely appeal from the denial of its motion directed to the "interim judgment."
A petition for a writ of mandamus must be filed within a reasonable time; according to Rule 21(a), Ala. R.App. P., the presumptively reasonable period within which to file a petition for a writ of mandamus is the same 42-day period allowed for an appeal. According to our supreme court, however, a motion seeking reconsideration of an interlocutory order does not toll the time for taking an appeal and will not serve to prevent a petition for a writ of mandamus filed after the ruling on a motion to reconsider and more than 42 days after the entry of the interlocutory order being challenged from being considered presumptively untimely. See Ex parte Troutman Sanders, LLP, 866 So.2d 547, 550 (Ala. 2003).
Cowart argues that SouthernCare's appeal is due to be dismissed because it is an attempt to appeal from a nonfinal judgment. Cowart relies on Presiding Judge Thompson's opinion concurring in the result in Ex parte Publix Super Markets, Inc., 963 So.2d 654, 661 (Ala.Civ.App. 2007) (Thompson, P.J., concurring in the result):
"Initially, I note that a petition for a writ of mandamus is the appropriate method of review in this action. In Homes of Legend, Inc. v. O'Neal, 855 So.2d 536 (Ala.Civ.App. 2003), this court determined that an order that held an employer to be liable for an injured employee's medical treatment was not sufficiently final to support an appeal. See also Sign Plex v. Tholl, 863 So.2d 1113 (Ala.Civ.App. 2003) (order determining whether injury was compensable was not sufficiently final to support an appeal). The trial court's September 15, 2006, order, because it required Publix to provide medical treatment for the employee, was, in essence, a determination of the compensability of the employee's injury. No other rights of the parties were addressed in the September 15, 2006, order, and, therefore, that order was not a final judgment capable of supporting an appeal. Accordingly, the appropriate method for reviewing the trial court's September 15, 2006, order is pursuant to a petition for a writ of mandamus. See Ex parte Brookwood Med. Ctr., Inc., 895 So.2d 1000 (Ala.Civ.App. 2004) (reviewing a nonfinal order in a workers' compensation action pursuant to a petition for a writ of mandamus); see also Ex parte Americas, 855 So.2d 544, 546 (Ala.Civ.App. 2003) (`Review by mandamus is not appropriate where the petitioner has another adequate remedy, such as an appeal.')."
We agree with Cowart that SouthernCare's appeal is due to be dismissed based on the holdings of Homes of Legend, Inc. v. O'Neal, 855 So.2d 536 (Ala.Civ.App. 2003), and Sign Plex v. Tholl, 863 So.2d 1113 (Ala.Civ.App. 2003).
APPEAL DISMISSED.
THOMPSON, P.J., and PITTMAN and BRYAN, JJ., concur.
THOMAS, J., dissents, with writing, which MOORE, J., joins.
I respectfully dissent from the dismissal of SouthernCare's appeal. SouthernCare argues in its statement of jurisdiction that the "interim judgment" is a final judgment for purposes of appeal because Ala. Code 1975, § 25-5-81 (e), provides that an aggrieved party may appeal to this court from "an order or judgment" entered by the circuit court in a workers' compensation action. This language, argues SouthernCare, is clear and unambiguous, and, it argues, § 25-5-81(e) does not require that the judgment be "final" as does Ala. Code 1975, § 12-22-2.
This argument is akin to the analysis advanced by Judge Moore in his writing concurring in the result in SCI Alabama Funeral Services, Inc. v. Hester, 984 So.2d 1207, 1211 (Ala.Civ.App. 2007) (Moore, J., concurring in the result), in which I concurred. In his special writing, Judge Moore pointed out that § 25-5-81(a)(1), in his opinion, permitted "piecemeal" litigation and appeals.
"That statute recognizes that the parties may have a dispute about `the right to compensation,' `the amount thereof,' or both. By using the term `controversies,' the legislature also recognized that the parties may disagree as to the components of compensability and/or one or more of the various amounts due the employee. That statute provides that the parties may submit the controversy or controversies to the appropriate circuit-court judge for resolution in a summary manner. By the plain terms of the statute, the judge's decision thereon becomes `conclusive and binding,' i.e., final, and `subject to the right of appeal,' i.e., appealable.
"In enacting the workers' compensation laws, the legislature created a wholly new and different remedy unlike the right to civil damages existing under the common law. See Ex parte Publix Super Markets, Inc., 963 So.2d 654, 658 (Ala.Civ.App. 2007). The legislature also created procedures unique to workers' compensation law to enforce that remedy. See Birmingham Belt R.R. v. Ellenburg, 215 Ala. 395, 396, 111 So. 219, 220 (1926) (`Without further analysis of the matter, we think compensation proceedings are quite as distinct in purpose and procedure from the ordinary action of law as is a suit at law from a suit in equity.'). The rules of procedure applicable to ordinary civil actions do not apply to the extent that they conflict with the procedure set out in the Workers' Compensation Act. See Rule 81(a)(31), Ala. R. Civ. P.; Pittman Constr. Co. v. Boles, 233 Ala. 187, 188, 171 So. 268, 268 (1936) (`It must be noted that the procedure under this act is governed by its terms and requirements and not by the ordinary method of procedure.').
"In ordinary civil cases, the courts abhor piecemeal litigation and appeals. See Wesley v. Brandon, 419 So.2d 257, 259 (Ala.Civ.App. 1982). However, the purpose and unique nature of workers' compensation cases warrant deviation from the ordinary civil practice. Workers' compensation law is designed to bestow monetary and medical benefits on injured employees at the moment they are most needed — when the employee is unable to earn income and is in need of medical care. See Ex parte Puritan Baking Co., 208 Ala. 373, 375, 94 So. 347, 349 (1922). Workers' compensation law is further intended to provide a certain remedy. See Reed v. Brunson, 527 So.2d 102, 115 (1988). To serve both the purposes of expediency and certainty, controversies as to an employee's right to benefits and the amounts thereof should be decided as they arise, and any determination of those controversies should be subject to immediate appellate review, even if the result is piecemeal litigation and appeals."
Hester, 984 So.2d at 1212.
Because I joined Judge Moore's opinion concurring in the result in Hester, I would take this opportunity to overrule those cases requiring that all aspects of an employee's compensation claim be determined by a judgment before that judgment can be considered final. I am convinced that the Workers' Compensation Act intended to provide for judicial determinations regarding less than all the claims an employee may advance against his or her employer relating to workers' compensation and that immediate appeal of orders resolving those issues separately is provided for under § 25-5-81(a)(1) and (e).
MOORE, J., concurs.