No. 01-10-00680-CR
Opinion issued May 26, 2011. DO NOT PUBLISH. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
On Appeal from the 412th District Court Brazoria County, Texas, Trial Court Case No. 61,645.
Panel consists of Chief Justice RADACK and Justices SHARP and BROWN.
HARVEY BROWN, Justice.
Jose Sorto Jr. appeals his conviction for the first degree felony offense of aggravated robbery. A jury found Sorto guilty and assessed his punishment at 40 years' confinement and imposed a fine of $10,000. In his sole issue, Sorto asserts that the evidence is legally insufficient to support the jury's finding of guilt. We affirm.
Background
On the evening of December 13, 2009, Wayne Milone was at home with his friend Wryan McCarty, his sister Tiffany, and her boyfriend Marshall Bevers. He and McCarty were in the front room; Tiffany and Bevers were in her bedroom. The State presented three witnesses who testified Sorto and three other men showed up. Wayne knew Sorto, but not well. After a short visit, they all began playing dominoes. According to Tiffany's testimony, McCarty, Sorto, and Sorto's friends were smoking marijuana that day. A short time later, Wayne's friend Trey West arrived and joined the game of dominoes. After about 10 minutes, West saw that one of the men with Sorto was holding a gun. The gunman said, "Nobody move." The gunman and one other of the group that arrived with Sorto watched West, Wayne, and McCarty, while Sorto grabbed a machete that was in the house and the fourth man grabbed a baseball bat. They headed to the back bedroom. Sorto kicked open the locked door to the bedroom. Tiffany screamed. When West heard Tiffany (his former girlfriend) scream, he turned to the gunman and said, "That's my girl," and began struggling with him. West had noticed that the gun was not cocked and the gunman did not have his finger on the trigger. Sorto came out from the bedroom and struck West with the flat of the blade on his leg and on his side. Sorto raised the machete as if to strike West in the head or neck area. West raised his arm in defense and Sorto struck West's arm near the wrist, ending the struggle. Sorto and the three men told West to sit back down. Sorto took the gun, checked to make sure a round was chambered, cocked it, and gave it back to the gunman, telling him, "Now don't let him move." Sorto and the man who had grabbed the bat began filling bags with property from the house, including electronics, cell phones, jewelry, and clothing. They gathered more items for close to an hour. During this time West was sitting in a chair in the living room bleeding heavily. He testified that he was getting cold and feared that he would die. Sorto and the other men finally loaded the bags into a car and left. After Sorto and the three other men left, McCarty took West to the hospital. Tiffany called 911 on McCarty's cell phone, and Officer Fletcher with the Alvin Police Department was dispatched to Wayne's home. Officer Fletcher interviewed Wayne and Tiffany and took photographs of the house, including the damaged bedroom door and the blood spatter from West's wound. Fletcher testified that Wayne and Tiffany were intoxicated; they smelled of alcohol and there were a number of empty beer cans lying around and in the trash. Officer Muhl went to the hospital, where he interviewed McCarty and West. Muhl testified that he took photos of West, including the blood that was all over his clothing and the wound to his arm. According to Muhl, West told him that they were all sitting around drinking during a "get together" at Wayne's house when a fight broke out. West said he was struck with the machete during the fight but that he did not know the person who struck him; West only knew him as "Jose." At trial, West identified Sorto as one of the men who stole property from Wayne's house. He also identified Sorto as the person who had struck him with the machete. West testified that as a result of his injury he had lost strength and muscle tone in that hand. He also said that he had no feeling in part of his hand and he consequently burned himself frequently. He testified that he may never regain feeling in that hand. On cross-examination by Sorto's counsel, West stated that drugs could be purchased at Wayne's house. Wayne also identified Sorto as one of the men involved in the robbery and the person who had struck West with a machete. Wayne denied being intoxicated. On cross-examination, Wayne agreed that he might have been drinking that day, but asserted that he was sober enough to identify Sorto and that he "will never forget that face." McCarty also testified that Sorto was one of the men who committed the robbery at Wayne's home and that Sorto was the person who had struck West with the machete. During cross-examination, McCarty admitted that he initially lied to police, telling them he was not at the Milone house, because he had an outstanding arrest warrant for traffic tickets. McCarty agreed that he lied to "protect his rear end." Sorto's counsel also attempted to impeach the credibility of McCarty by showing that McCarty smoked marijuana, but McCarty testified that, although he smelled marijuana in the house, he did not smoke any. Tiffany testified that Sorto kicked open the locked door to her bedroom and stole property. She also said Sorto and one other man threatened her boyfriend, Bevers, with a gun and the machete, prompting her scream. After she screamed, Sorto left the bedroom and came back with blood on the machete. Tiffany asked if her brother was okay. Sorto responded that he was okay, but "your brother's friend isn't." Tiffany testified that Sorto and the other men grabbed pillowcases and began filling them with jewelry, clothing, and other property. They took some pills and what looked like a large amount of cash from Bevers. Tiffany testified that Wayne, McCarty, Sorto, and Sorto's three friends were all smoking marijuana and admitted she had been previously convicted of possession of a controlled substance. The State also called Bevers, who was in jail at the time of trial. Bevers, however, testified that he did not remember being robbed or West being attacked with a machete. In his defense, Sorto presented evidence that he was in elsewhere when the robbery occurred. A family friend, with whom Sorto was living, testified that Sorto generally worked from about 7 p.m. until 2 a.m. as a valet at a nightclub. He had an hour for lunch and would normally come home around 10 p.m. for 30 or 45 minutes to eat. The friend testified that Sorto was working on the night in question and came home to eat around 10:30. A co-worker also testified that Sorto worked that night. Sufficiency of the Evidence
In his sole issue, Sorto contends that the evidence is legally insufficient to support the jury's finding of guilt. A. Standard of review
This court reviews sufficiency-of-the-evidence challenges applying the standard of review enunciated in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789 (1979). See Ervin v. State, 331 S.W.3d 49, 52-55 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, pet. ref'd) (construing holding of Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 912, 927-28 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010)). Under this standard, evidence is insufficient to support a conviction if, considering all the record evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, no rational factfinder could have found that each essential element of the charged offense was proven beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319, 99 S. Ct. at 2789; Laster v. State, 275 S.W.3d 512, 517 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009); Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d 742, 750 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). We can hold evidence to be insufficient under the Jackson standard in two circumstances: (1) the record contains no evidence, or merely a "modicum" of evidence, probative of an element of the offense, or (2) the evidence conclusively establishes a reasonable doubt. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 314, 320, 99 S. Ct. at 2786, 2789; see also Laster, 275 S.W.3d at 518; Williams, 235 S.W.3d at 750. The sufficiency-of-the-evidence standard gives full play to the responsibility of the factfinder to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319, 99 S. Ct. at 2789; Clayton v. State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007); see also Brown v. State, 270 S.W.3d 564, 568 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008) (stating jury is sole judge of credibility of witnesses and weight to give their testimony). An appellate court presumes that the factfinder resolved any conflicts in the evidence in favor of the verdict and defers to that resolution, provided that the resolution is rational. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 326, 99 S. Ct. at 2793; see also Clayton, 235 S.W.3d at 778 (reviewing court must "presume that the factfinder resolved the conflicts in favor of the prosecution and therefore defer to that determination"). The sufficiency of the evidence is measured by the elements of the offense as defined by the hypothetically correct jury charge for the case. Wooley v. State, 273 S.W.3d 260, 268 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008). This charge accurately states the law, is authorized by the indictment, does not unnecessarily increase the State's burden of proof or restrict the State's theories of liability, and adequately describes the particular offense. Grotti v. State, 273 S.W.3d 273, 280 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008). B. Sufficiency of the evidence of aggravated robbery
The Texas Penal Code provides, in pertinent part, that a person commits robbery if the person, "in the course of committing theft . . . and with intent to obtain or maintain control of the property, . . . intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another. . . ." TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 29.02 (West 2003). The offense is elevated to aggravated robbery when the person uses or exhibits a deadly weapon. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 29.03(a)(2) (West 2003). Thus, the hypothetically correct jury charge would contain these elements. West testified that, while Sorto and the three other men were stealing property from Wayne's house, Sorto struck him with a machete, causing a severe injury to his arm and hand. The testimony of a single eyewitness is sufficient to support a conviction for aggravated robbery. Johnson v. State, 176 S.W.3d 74, 78 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, pet. ref'd). West's testimony is corroborated by other testimony. Wayne testified that Sorto was one of the group of men that stole property from his home. He also said Sorto struck West with the machete. McCarty also identified Sorto as the man who robbed the house and stuck West with a machete. Tiffany identified Sorto as the man who kicked open her bedroom door and was holding a machete. He left the bedroom and returned with blood on the machete. When Tiffany asked if her brother was alright, Sorto responded that her brother was okay, but "your brother's friend isn't." Sorto impeached this testimony and on appeal asserts that these witnesses simply were not credible. He identifies Tiffany's testimony that Wayne and McCarty were smoking marijuana. He also relies on Officer Fletcher's testimony that Wayne and Tiffany were intoxicated. In addition, Sorto points out McCarty's initial false statement to police and admission that he lied to "save his own rear end." Also, Bevers testified that he had no recollection of a robbery or of West being struck with a machete. The impeachment of this testimony goes to its weight. Brown, 270 S.W.3d at 568. Thus, the jury, as the exclusive judge of the credibility of the witnesses and of the weight to be given their testimony, was entitled to resolve any credibility determinations or conflicts in the evidence. See id. We presume that the jury made any such determinations and resolutions in favor of its verdict. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 326, 99 S. Ct. at 2793; Clayton, 235 S.W.3d at 778. We conclude that a rational jury could have found that Sorto, in the course of committing theft, caused bodily injury to West using a machete. Thus, the evidence is legally sufficient. We overrule Sorto's sole issue. Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.