Opinion
Docket No. 57502.
Decided April 5, 1983.
Charfoos, Christensen, Gilbert Archer, P.C. (by Adrienne G. Southgate), for plaintiffs.
Dickinson, Mourad, Brandt, Hanlon Becker (by Richard Haskins); and Gromek, Bendure Thomas (by James G. Gross), of counsel, for defendant on appeal.
Plaintiffs and counter-defendants John Wayne Smith and his wife Connie Smith appeal from the denial of their request for a rehearing of their motion for accelerated or summary judgment on the counterclaim of defendant and counter-plaintiff Detroit Automobile Inter-Insurance Exchange (DAIIE).
John Wayne Smith was injured in an automobile accident on November 15, 1973. The Smith family was insured by DAIIE under a no-fault policy providing for wage loss benefits. Mr. Smith missed no time from work following the accident until he left his employment on November 23, 1975. DAIIE paid him wage loss benefits at the monthly rate of $1,000 until November 14, 1976. On November 15, 1976, Mr. Smith filed a petition for workers' compensation benefits. In his petition he listed dates of "10/14/73 and subsequent" for a work-related automobile accident in which he had incurred injuries to his back and legs. His claim for benefits was redeemed on May 8, 1978, in the amount of $12,500. The redemption order listed the following dates of injury: October 14, 1973, November 15, 1973 (the date of the accident giving rise to the instant controversy), and November 23, 1975 (Mr. Smith's last day of work).
On February 4, 1977, plaintiffs commenced this action against DAIIE, alleging failure to pay full benefits due under the insurance policy. It was in their August 18, 1978, response to DAIIE's interrogatories that plaintiffs first informed DAIIE of the workers' compensation petition and redemption.
On April 18, 1980, DAIIE filed a counterclaim, demanding reimbursement of no-fault benefits in the amount of the workers' compensation redemption received by Mr. Smith. MCL 500.3109(1); MSA 24.13109(1).
Pursuant to plaintiffs' request, their complaint was dismissed on July 23, 1980. They also sought dismissal of DAIIE's counterclaim. On appeal, they challenge the circuit court's refusal to order dismissal of the counterclaim. The case is before this Court for resolution of a certified question of law:
"That on March 24, 1981, the Honorable Irwin H. Burdick, Circuit Judge for the County of Wayne, entered an order denying plaintiffs' motion for accelerated and/or summary judgment on rehearing and further certified the question of the application of the Supreme Court's decision interpreting § 3109 of the no-fault act to be a controlling question of law to which there is substantial ground for difference of opinion and that an immediate appeal would materially advance the ultimate termination of this litigation."
Section 3109(1) of the Michigan no-fault insurance act provides:
"Benefits provided or required to be provided under the laws of any state or the federal government shall be subtracted from the personal protection insurance benefits otherwise payable for the injury." MCL 500.3109(1); MSA 24.13109(1).
On January 4, 1979, during the pendency of the instant controversy, the Michigan Supreme Court settled the question of the constitutionality of § 3109(1) as it applies to the set-off of duplicative federal social security benefits. O'Donnell v State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins Co, 404 Mich. 524; 273 N.W.2d 829 (1979), reh den 406 Mich. 1103 (1979). A constitutional challenge to the statute's application in the context of the receipt of duplicative workers' compensation benefits was rejected by the Supreme Court in Mathis v Interstate Motor Freight System, 408 Mich. 164, 186-187; 289 N.W.2d 708 (1980).
The statute's constitutionality was an issue which had been addressed in several opinions of this Court, with varying results, O'Donnell v State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins Co, 70 Mich. App. 487; 245 N.W.2d 801 (1976), rev'd 404 Mich. 524; 273 N.W.2d 829 (1979), reh den 406 Mich. 1103 (1979); Wysocki v Detroit Automobile Inter-Ins Exchange, 77 Mich. App. 565; 258 N.W.2d 561 (1977), rev'd 406 Mich. 860; 275 N.W.2d 551 (1979); Pollock v Frankenmuth Mutual Ins Co, 79 Mich. App. 218; 261 N.W.2d 554 (1977); Mielke v Michigan Millers Mutual Ins Co, 82 Mich. App. 721; 267 N.W.2d 165 (1978), rev'd 406 Mich. 858; 275 N.W.2d 553 (1979); Smart v Citizens Mutual Ins Co, 83 Mich. App. 30; 268 N.W.2d 273 (1978); Greene v State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins Co, 83 Mich. App. 505; 268 N.W.2d 703 (1978); Hawkins v Auto-Owners Ins Co, 83 Mich. App. 225; 268 N.W.2d 534 (1978).
In the instant case, DAIIE claims the right to be reimbursed to the extent that workers' compensation benefits have been received by Mr. Smith which duplicate no-fault benefits which have been paid to him. Plaintiffs argue that at the time they commenced their suit for additional no-fault benefits, this Court had consistently found that § 3109(1) was unconstitutional and had denied the set-offs described in the statute. They contend that the trial court's denial of their motion for judgment on DAIIE's counterclaim constitutes an impermissible retroactive application of a new rule of substantive law.
DAIIE correctly observes that the Supreme Court did not announce a new rule of law in O'Donnell, supra, but rather held that the rule of law established by the Legislature in 1973 was not unconstitutional. In so ruling, the Supreme Court necessarily found that the statute had been constitutional since its adoption.
In Gusler v Fairview Tubular Products, 412 Mich. 270; 315 N.W.2d 388 (1981), the Supreme Court held that the statutorily prescribed cost of living increases in workers' disability compensation benefits applied only to maximum, and not minimum, weekly rates for total disability. The Court expressly provided for the limited application of its holding:
"Although our holding is based on what we perceive to have been the intent of the Legislature at the time of enactment of the provisions discussed, in practical effect, given the contrary interpretations of the law by the Director of the Bureau of Workers' Compensation and the bureau's subdivisions, the Workers' Compensation Appeal Board and its hearing referees, and the Court of Appeals, today's holding is not unlike the announcement of a new rule of law. Its application therefore should be treated accordingly. See Whetro v Awkerman, 383 Mich. 235; 174 N.W.2d 783 (1970); Parker v Port Huron Hospital, 361 Mich. 1; 105 N.W.2d 1 (1960); Bricker v Green, 313 Mich. 218; 21 N.W.2d 105 (1946).
"In the interest of fairness we do not believe our holding should affect any disability compensation payments already made. Consequently, no recipient will be obligated to repay sums already received by reason of the erroneous computation formula we have nullified today. However, any benefits due and not yet paid or to be awarded after the date of this opinion shall be in accord with this ruling." Gusler, supra, p 298.
At oral argument, plaintiffs urged this Court to apply the Supreme Court's Gusler approach and to rule that the O'Donnell and Mathis holdings do not mandate the relief requested by DAIIE in this case. In neither O'Donnell nor Mathis, however, did the Supreme Court provide for the limited applicability of its holdings. While the Supreme Court, in the interests of justice, is empowered to limit the applicability of its decisions, the authority to dictate the limited application of a Supreme Court declaration of a statute's constitutionality lies, in our judgment, not with this Court but exclusively with the Supreme Court.
We hold that, at the time no-fault benefits were paid, DAIIE was entitled to subtract duplicative workers' compensation "[b]enefits provided or required to be provided * * * from the personal protection insurance benefits otherwise payable for the [November 15, 1973] injury". We do not decide whether such duplicative benefits were provided or were required to be provided, and we do not decide what, if any, subtraction was statutorily authorized.
Denial of plaintiffs' motion for accelerated or summary judgment is affirmed. Remanded for further proceedings.