Therefore, in assessing the availability of habeas jurisdiction under the permanent rules, Judge Lebedoff was properly guided by the Eighth Circuit's transitional rules analysis. See Shah v. Reno, 184 F.3d 719, 725 (8th Cir. 1999). Moreover, Judge Lebedoff s analysis has been subsequently buttressed by a recent Third Circuit decision directly addressing habeas jurisdiction under the permanent rules.

Although we have not yet addressed this issue, the majority of circuits that has done so has rejected the government's argument. See Jurado-Gutierrez v. Greene, — F.3d ___, Nos. 97-1437, 98-1017, 98-1050, 98-1310, 1999 WL 637038, at *8 (10th Cir. 1999) ; Shah v. Reno, 184 F.3d 719, 724 (8th Cir. 1999); Mayers, 175 F.3d at 1299; Sandoval 166 F.3d at 235; Henderson v. INS, 157 F.3d 106, 122 (2d Cir. 1998), cert. denied, 119 S.Ct. 1141 (1999); Magana-Pizano v. INS, 152 F.3d 1213, 1221 (9th Cir. 1998), judgment vacated and cert. granted, 119 S.Ct. 1137 (1999) ; Goncalves v. Reno, 144 F.3d 110, 121 (1st Cir. 1998), cert. denied, 119 S.Ct. 1140 (1999). But see Richardson v. Reno, 180 F.3d 1311 (11th Cir. 1999) (holding that § 2241 jurisdiction was precluded by IIRIRA's permanent rules); LaGuerre v. Reno, 164 F.3d 1035, 1040 (7th Cir. 1998) (holding that district court did not have habeas jurisdiction over aliens convicted of enumerated crimes), petition for cert. filed, No. 99-418 (Sept.

1. Shah v. Reno In arguing that this Court retains jurisdiction to review his habeas petition notwithstanding § 242(b)(9), Anic relies primarily on Shah v. Reno, 184 F.3d 719 (8th Cir. 1999). Petitioner's reliance on Shah, however, is misplaced.

See Pak v. Reno, No. 98-3852, 1999 WL 791660, at *6 (6th Cir. Oct. 6, 1999); Requena-Rodriguez v. Pasquarell, 190 F.3d 299, 306 (5th Cir. 1999); Jurado-Gutierrez v. Greene, 190 F.3d 1135, 1146-47 (10th Cir. 1999); Selgeka v. Carroll, 184 F.3d 337, 342 (4th Cir. 1999); Shah v. Reno, 184 F.3d 719, 724 (8th Cir. 1999); Sandoval v. INS, 166 F.3d 225, 238 (3d Cir. 1999); Henderson v. INS, 157 F.3d 106 (2d Cir. 1998), cert. denied sub nom., Reno v. Navas, 119 S.Ct. 1141 (1999); Goncalves v. Reno, 144 F.3d 110, 117 (1st Cir. 1998), cert. denied, 119 S.Ct. 1140 (1999); but see LaGuerre v. Reno, 164 F.3d 1035, 1040 (7th Cir. 1998), petition for cert. filed, No. 99-418 (U.S. Sept. 7, 1999). Compare Richardson v. Reno, 180 F.3d 1311 (11th Cir. 1999), petition for cert. filed, No. 99-887 (U.S. Nov. 23, 1999), with Mayers v. U.S. Dep't of INS, 175 F.3d 1289, 1297 (11th Cir. 1999).

In 1952, Congress redirected most judicial review of exclusion and deportation matters to the courts of appeals. See Shah v. Reno, 184 F.3d 719, 721 (8th Cir. 1999). Habeas review remained available under INA § 106(a)(10) [former 8 U.S.C. § 1105a(a)(10)] for those aliens held in custody under an order of deportation.

The First, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Circuit Courts of Appeals held that habeas jurisdiction to review final deportation decisions survived the AEDPA and IIRIRA transitional rules' streamline of the judicial review available under the INA. See Magana-Pizano v. INS, 200 F.3d 603, 609 (9th Cir. 1999); Pak v. Reno, 196 F.3d 666, 673 (6th Cir. 1999); Bowrin v. INS, 194 F.3d 483, 489 (4th Cir. 1999); Requena-Rodriguez v. Pasquarell, 190 F.3d 299, 306 (5th Cir. 1999); Jurado-Gutierrez v. Greene, 190 F.3d 1135, 1145-46 (10th Cir. 1999), cert. denied, Palaganas-Suarez v. Greene, ___ U.S. ___, 120 S.Ct. 1539, 146 L.Ed.2d 352 (2000); Shah v. Reno, 184 F.3d 719, 723-24 (8th Cir. 1999); Mayers v. INS, 175 F.3d 1289, 1301 (11th Cir. 1999); Sandoval v. Reno, 166 F.3d 225, 236-37 (3d Cir. 1999); Goncalves v. Reno, 144 F.3d 110, 119-23 (1st Cir. 1998), cert. denied, Reno v. Goncalves, 526 U.S. 1004, 119 S.Ct. 1140, 143 L.Ed.2d 208 (1999). Only the Seventh Circuit has held that the transitional rules of IIRIRA effected a repeal of habeas jurisdiction over final deportation orders.

96 F.3d 666, 673 (6th Cir. 1999) (following reasoning of Sandoval and Goncalves v. Reno, 144 F.3d 110 (1st Cir. 1998), and concluding that neither AEDPA amendments nor transitional rules of IIRIRA divest district courts of habeas jurisdiction because the applicable sections "[do] not refer to § 2241"); Bowrin v. INS, 194 F.3d 483, 489 (4th Cir. 1999) (per curiam) ("Finding no . . . specific reference to § 2241, we apply the long-standing rule disfavoring repeal of jurisdictional provisions by implication."); Jurado-Gutierrez v. Greene, 190 F.3d 1135, 1145-46 (10th Cir. 1999) (holding that "the lack of any mention of § 2241 habeas review in the plain language of the statute, combined with the long historical precedent surrounding habeas corpus review in immigration cases, establishes that traditional habeas review underS 2241 survived the enactment of AEDPA § 440(d) and IIRIRA § 309(c) [the transitional rules]") petition for cert. filed, ___ USLW ___ (U.S. Jan. 31, 2000) (No. 99-7964); Shah v. Reno, 184 F.3d 719, 724 (8th Cir. 1999) ("In sum, we hold that Congress in enacting AEDPA and IIRIRA in 1996, did not clearly and expressly repeal 28 U.S.C. § 2241.");

See id. at 943 (holding that § 1252(g) eliminates judicial review only for "three discrete actions" of the Attorney General undertaken during the deportation process). See also Shah v. Reno, 184 F.3d 719, 722 (8th Cir. 1999) (recognizing that, after Arab-American Anti-Discrimination Comm., § 1252(g) does not proscribe review over even the generality of deportation matters). Thus, because Sabhari's petition for adjustment of status is separate and distinct from any matter related to an order of deportation, § 1252(g) "has nothing to do with the present case,. . . ."

The Second, Third, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, Tenth and Eleventh Circuits have so held. See Henderson v. INS, 157 F.3d 106, 122 (2d Cir. 1998), cert. denied, 119 S.Ct. 1141 (1999);DeSousa v. Reno, No. 99-1115, 1999 WL 643171, at *5 (3d Cir. Aug. 25, 1999); Requena-Rodriguez v. Pasquarell, No. 98-40958, 1999 WL 717367, at *4 (5th Cir. Sep. 15, 1999); Pak v. Reno, No. 98-3852, 1999 WL 791660, at *6 (6th Cir. Oct. 6, 1999); Shah v. Reno, 184 F.3d 719, 724 (8th Cir. 1999);Jurado-Gutierrez v. Greene, Nos. 97-1437, 98-1017, 98-1050, 98-1310, 1999 WL at 637038, at *8 (10th Cir. Aug. 19, 1999);Mayers v. INS, 175 F.3d 1289, 1301 (11th Cir. 1999). We thus conclude that nothing in American-Arab directly precludes deportees governed by the IIRIRA transitional rules from challenging their final deportation orders through habeas where they have no other way to assert in court that their deportation is contrary to the Constitution or laws of the United States.

In 1952, Congress enacted new statutes that channeled review of most deportation matters to the courts of appeals. See Shah v. Reno, 184 F.3d 719, 721 (8th Cir. 1999). Changes made in 1961 further tightened the system by requiring nearly all deportation decisions to be heard exclusively by the courts of appeals.