Opinion
CIVIL ACTION NO. 3:16-CV-295
12-21-2016
THEODORE B. SAVAGE, Plaintiff v. PATRICK O'MALLEY, et al Defendants
(MARIANI, J.)
() REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION I. BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
This is a pro se civil rights action, initiated upon the filing of the original notice of removal in this matter on February 19, 2016. (Doc. 1). On July 21, 2016, the Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b). (Doc. 5). On July 21, 2016, the Defendants filed a brief in support of the motion. (Doc. 6). As Plaintiff failed to respond to that motion in accordance with the Local Rules, the Court ordered him to file a response on or before Monday, September 5, 2016. (Doc. 7). Plaintiff has not filed any response to the motion to dismiss. II. DISCUSSION
See L.R. 7.6 ("Any party opposing any motion, other than a motion for summary judgment, shall file a brief in opposition within fourteen (14) days after service of the movant's brief ...."); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(a), (d).
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) provides that an action may be involuntarily dismissed "[i]f the plaintiff fails to prosecute or to comply with these rules or a court order." Further, the rule permits sua sponte dismissals by the court. Link v. Wabash R.R. Co., 370 U.S. 626, 630-31, 82 S.Ct. 1386, 8 L.Ed.2d 734 (1962); Hewlett v. Davis, 844 F.2d 109, 114 (3d Cir.1988) (same). "The authority of a court to dismiss sua sponte for lack of prosecution has generally been considered an inherent power, governed not by rule or statute but by the control necessarily vested in courts to manage their own affairs so as to achieve the orderly and expeditious disposition of cases." Link, 370 U.S. at 630-31; see also Mindek v. Rigatti, 964 F.2d 1369 (3d Cir.1992). Specifically, a plaintiff's failure to comply with a court order constitutes failure to prosecute his action, and therefore his action is subject to dismissal pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(b). A court's decision to dismiss for failure to prosecute is committed to the court's sound discretion and will not be disturbed absent an abuse of discretion. See Emerson v. Thiel Coll., 296 F.3d 184, 190 (3d Cir.2002).
In determining whether to exercise its discretion to dismiss as a sanction for failure to prosecute and failure to comply with court orders, a district court must balance the six factors set forth in Poulis v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 747 F.2d 863, 868 (3d Cir.1984):(1) the extent of the party's personal responsibility; (2) the prejudice to the adversary caused by the failure to meet scheduling orders and respond to discovery; (3) a history of dilatoriness; (4) whether the conduct of the party or the attorney was willful or in bad faith; (5) the effectiveness of sanctions other than dismissal, which entails an analysis of alternative sanctions; and (6) the meritoriousness of the claim or defense. Ware, 322 F.3d at 221; see also Adams v. Trustees of N.J. Brewery Employees' Pension Trust Fund, 29 F.3d 863, 873-78 (3d Cir.1994) (applying Poulis factors to dismissal under Rule 41(b)). The Poulis factors are not "a magic formula whereby the decision to dismiss or not to dismiss a plaintiff's complaint becomes a mechanical calculation." Mindek v. Rigatti, 964 F.2d 1369, 1373 (3d Cir.1992). No one factor is determinative and thus not all of the Poulis factors must be met to warrant dismissal. Mindek v. Rigatti, 964 F.2d at 1373; Hicks v. Feeney, 850 F.2d 152, 156 (3d Cir.1988). Instead, the decision must be made in the context of the district court's extended contact with the litigant. A careful assessment of the Poulis factors in this case weighs heavily in favor of dismissing this action.
A. PLAINTIFF'S PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY.
Looking to the Poulis factors, the Court finds that a consideration of the first factor, the extent of the party's personal responsibility, shows that the delays in this case are entirely attributable to the plaintiff. Because Savage is a pro se litigant, he is solely responsible for prosecuting his claim. See Hoxworth v. Blinder Robinson & Co., 980 F.2d 912, 920 (3d Cir.1992). "As a general rule, a pro se litigant is responsible for his failure to comply with court orders." Lopez v. Cousins, 435 Fed.Appx. 113, 117 (3d Cir.2011); see also Gieniec v. Smith, No.3:09-cv-02330, 2011 WL 6130723, at *1 (M.D.Pa. Dec.8, 2011) ("Plaintiff is proceeding pro se, and thus is responsible for ... informing the Court of his address, responding to discovery requests, and complying with Court orders."). Savage has failed to abide by court orders and neglected to litigate this case. Specifically, Savage has failed to cooperate in discovery (Doc. 6, at 2) and failed to file a brief in opposition to Defendants' motion to dismiss or otherwise respond in any fashion to the Court's order of August 22, 2016. For these reasons, the first Poulis factor, the party's personal responsibility, weighs in favor of dismissal.
B. PREJUDICE TO THE MOVING PARTY
A finding of prejudice does not require "irremediable harm." Rather, "the burden imposed by impeding a party's ability to [effectively prepare] a full and complete trial strategy is sufficiently prejudicial." Ware v. Rodale Press, Inc., 322 F.3d 218, 222 (3d Cir.2003). Indeed, "it is quite sufficient if he does nothing, knowing that until something is done there will be no trial." Bendix Aviation Corp. v. Glass, 32 F.R.D. 375, 377 (E.D.Pa.1961). As stated above, Savage has failed to comply with the court order directing him to file a response to Defendants' motion to dismiss, and has failed to participate in discovery in this case. His actions have created an unnecessary stalemate, and prevent Defendants from being able to conduct discovery or prepare for trial. Accordingly, the Court finds that the second Poulis factor weighs in favor of dismissal.
C. HISTORY OF DILATORINESS
"Extensive or repeated delay or delinquency constitutes a history of dilatoriness, such as consistent non-response to interrogatories, or consistent tardiness in complying with court orders." Adams v. Trs. of N.J. Brewery Emps.' Pension Trust Fund, 29 F.3d 863, 874 (3d. Cir.1994); see also Ware v. Rodale Press, Inc., 322 F.3d 218, 222 (3d Cir.2003) (finding a history of dilatory conduct where the plaintiffs repeatedly failed to provide a calculation of damages for the defendant); Emerson v. Theil College, 296 F.3d 184, 191 (3d Cir.2002) (finding a history of dilatory conduct where plaintiff repeatedly requested stays and failed to comply with court mandated deadlines). Conversely, "conduct that occurs one or two times is insufficient to demonstrate a history of dilatoriness." Briscoe v. Klaus, 538 F.3d 252, 261 (3d Cir.2008) (citation removed) (refusing to find a history of dilatory conduct where plaintiff refused to attend one scheduled deposition). In deciding whether a history of dilatory conduct exists, this Court must evaluate "a party's problematic acts ... in light of its behavior over the life of the case." Adams, 29 F.3d at 875.
Here, Savage's failure to file a brief in opposition to a motion seeking to dismiss his case for failing to prosecute or otherwise move his action further, together with his failure to participate in discovery and impeding of Defendant's ability to conduct discovery appear for a status conference and his failure to comply with numerous discovery requests on behalf of the Defendants evinces a pattern of dilatory conduct. As stated above, "conduct that occurs one or two times is insufficient to demonstrate a 'history of dilatoriness.'" Briscoe v. Klaus, 538 F.3d at 261 (citing Scarborough v. Eubanks, 747 F.2d 871, 875 (3d Cir.1984)). However, when considering the span of this litigation, Savage's apparent abandonment of his claim, coupled with his failure to conduct discovery and his failure to submit a brief in opposition to Defendants' motion to dismiss, weighs in favor of dismissal.
D. PARTY'S WILLFULNESS OR BAD FAITH
This factor requires a court to consider whether the plaintiff's conduct reflects mere inadvertence or negligence, or rather "strategic," intentional or self-serving behavior." Adams, 29 F.3d at 875. "Under this factor, the District Court must consider whether the conduct was the type of willful or contumacious behavior which [can be] characterized as flagrant bad faith." Briscoe, 538 F.3d at 262. Generally, willfulness involves intentional or self-serving behavior. Id. Conversely, "[i]f the conduct is merely negligent or inadvertent, [the court] will not call the conduct 'contumacious.'" Id. Here, the facts are insufficient to support a conclusion that Savage's conduct to date has been willful or in bad faith. Accordingly, the Court finds that this factor does not weigh in favor of dismissal.
E. AVAILABILITY OF ALTERNATIVE SANCTIONS
In considering the fifth factor, the effectiveness of alternative sanctions, this Court finds that there are no appropriate sanctions other than dismissal. Generally, "sanctions less than dismissal [are] ineffective when a litigant, such as [Plaintiff], is proceeding pro se." See Lopez v. Cousins, 435 Fed. Appx. 113, 116 (3d Cir.2011); Emerson v. Thiel Coll., 296 F.3d 184, 191 (3d Cir.2002) (per curiam); see eg., Nowland v. Lucas, Civil No .1:10-CV-1963, 2012 WL 10559, at *6 (M.D.Pa. Jan.3, 2012) ("This case presents such a situation where the plaintiff's status as a pro se litigant severely limits the ability of the court to utilize lesser sanctions to ensure that this litigation progresses in an orderly fashion."). Here, Savage's status as a pro se litigant prevents this Court from sanctioning him or using alternative sanctions to steer this litigation onward. Accordingly, this factor weighs in favor of Defendants.
F. MERIT OF PLAINTIFF'S CLAIM
"A claim ... will be deemed meritorious when the allegations of the pleadings, if established at trial, would support recovery by plaintiff ...." Poulis, 747 F.2d at 87. Savage alleges that Defendants violated his rights under the First and Eighth Amendments of the United States Constitution, and brings his action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. (Doc. 1). While on its face, Savage's complaint (Doc. 1) appears to state a claim, and Defendants have filed an answer (Doc. 2) to the complaint, with the absence of any discovery or record before the Court, it is nearly impossible for this Court to determine the meritoriousness of Savage's claims at this juncture. Further, consideration of this factor cannot save this Savage's claims, since he is now non-compliant with his obligations as a litigant. Savage cannot fail to address the merits of his claims, and then assert the untested merits of these claims as grounds for denying a motion to sanction him. Turner v. Lopez, No. CIV.A. 3:13-872, 2013 WL 5603260, at *6 (M.D. Pa. Oct. 10, 2013). Furthermore, as stated above, it is well-settled that "'no single Poulis factor is dispositive,' Ware, 322 F.3d at 222, [and it is] clear that 'not all of the Poulis factors need be satisfied in order to dismiss a complaint.' Mindek, 964 F.2d at 1373." Briscoe v. Klaus, 538 F.3d at 263. Therefore, the untested merits of the non-compliant plaintiff's claims, standing alone, cannot prevent imposition of sanctions. Turner v. Lopez, No. CIV.A. 3:13-872, 2013 WL 5603260, at *6 (M.D. Pa. Oct. 10, 2013). Accordingly, this factor weighs in favor of dismissal. III. RECOMMENDATION
For the foregoing reasons, it is recommended that Defendants' Motion to Dismiss (Doc. 5) be GRANTED, this case be dismissed, and the Clerk of Court be directed to close this case.
Dated: December 21, 2016
/s/ _________
KAROLINE MEHALCHICK
United States Magistrate Judge NOTICE
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the undersigned has entered the foregoing Report and Recommendation dated December 21, 2016.
Any party may obtain a review of the Report and Recommendation pursuant to Rule 72.3, which provides:
Any party may object to a magistrate judge's proposed findings, recommendations or report addressing a motion or matter described in 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) or making a recommendation for the disposition of a prisoner case or a habeas corpus petition within fourteen (14) days after being served with a copy thereof. Such party shall file with the clerk of court, and serve on the magistrate judge and all parties, written objections which shall specifically identify the portions of the proposed findings, recommendations or report to which objection is made and the basis for such objections. The briefing requirements set forth in Local Rule 72.2 shall apply. A judge shall make a de novo determination of those portions of the report or specified proposed findings or recommendations to which objection is made and may accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the findings or recommendations made by the magistrate judge. The judge, however, need conduct a new hearing only in his or her discretion or where required by law, and may consider the record developed before the magistrate judge, making his or her own determination on the basis of that record. The judge may also receive further evidence, recall witnesses or recommit the matter to the magistrate judge with instructions.
Dated: December 21, 2016
/s/ _________
KAROLINE MEHALCHICK
United States Magistrate Judge