Opinion
June 6, 1988
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Westchester County (Coppola, J.).
Ordered that the appeal and cross appeal from the order entered September 2, 1986, are dismissed (see, Matter of Aho, 39 N.Y.2d 241, 248); and it is further,
Ordered that the appeal from the decision entered November 10, 1986, is dismissed, as no appeal lies from a decision; and it is further,
Ordered that the judgment is reversed, on the law, and the complaint is dismissed; and it is further,
Ordered that Braun is awarded one bill of costs.
The appeals and cross appeal from the intermediate orders must be dismissed because the right of direct appeal therefrom terminated with the entry of judgment in the actions (see, Matter of Aho, 39 N.Y.2d 241, 248, supra). The issues raised by both parties on the appeals from the order and the decision and on the cross appeal from the order are brought up for review on the appeal from the judgment (CPLR 5501 [a] [1], [3]).
The plaintiff Hildegard Ruggiero, an employee of Meatland, U.S.A. (hereinafter Meatland) was seriously injured when her sleeve and then her hand were caught in a meat grinding machine. On the morning of the accident Meatland's owner, Mendy Meeirovici, either bought or borrowed the grinding machine from Braun, a wholesale meat distributor with whom Meeirovici did business. Meatland's grinding machine had been sent out for repairs and Meeirovici asked his friend, who was an employee of Braun, if he knew where he could get a grinder to use temporarily. Braun's employee suggested that Meeirovici use the old grinder he had in storage, which was in a disassembled condition. When Meeirovici picked it up, the grinder did not have a safety guard.
The plaintiffs commenced this action, inter alia, against Braun under theories of breach of warranty, strict tort liability and negligence. On Braun's motion Braun was granted summary judgment on the breach of warranty and strict tort liability causes of action, but a trial was held on the negligence cause of action. At trial the sole basis for the plaintiffs' cause of action was that Braun was negligent in failing to warn of the absence of the safety guard. The jury found Braun 70% liable for Hildegard Ruggiero's injuries, and found that Hildegard Ruggiero was free of comparative negligence. Braun has appealed.
Resolution of the issue of whether the transaction between Braun and Meatland was a sale or a loan is not necessary in order to determine the duty owed by Braun, for both the casual or occasional seller and the gratuitous bailor owe, at most, the duty to warn the person to whom the product is supplied of known defects that are not obvious or readily discernible (see, Sukljian v Ross Son Co., 69 N.Y.2d 89; Sofia v Carlucci, 122 A.D.2d 263; Snyder v Kramer, 94 A.D.2d 860, affd 61 N.Y.2d 961). Furthermore, although the duty to exercise reasonable care to make the chattel safe for its intended use has been imposed upon a bailor where the bailment involved is for the parties' mutual benefit (see, Dufur v Lavin, 101 A.D.2d 319, affd 65 N.Y.2d 830; Snyder v Kramer, supra), the evidence adduced was clearly insufficient to support the conclusion that if, in fact, the transaction involved was a bailment, it was for the mutual benefit of Braun and Meatland. Since the defect, the absence of the safety guard, and the danger arising therefrom were patent (see, Sukljian v Ross Son Co., supra; Sofia v Carlucci, supra; Copp v Corning Glass Works, 114 A.D.2d 144), the plaintiffs failed, as a matter of law, to establish that Braun breached its duty. Thus, Braun is entitled to judgment on the negligence cause of action.
We agree with the Supreme Court, for the reasons stated by Justice Coppola in his memorandum decision, that Braun was entitled to summary judgment dismissing the strict tort liability and breach of warranty causes of action.
In light of the foregoing we need not reach the remaining issues raised by the parties. Bracken, J.P., Brown, Lawrence and Spatt, JJ., concur.