Summary
In Rogin, the First Department held that joinder of a rent-nonpayment action was warranted with an action seeking an injunction compelling an ex-husband to pay his ex-wife's rent.
Summary of this case from Aaglane v. SamiOpinion
2011-12-15
Ruth ROGIN, Plaintiff–Appellant, v. Gilbert ROGIN, Defendant–Respondent,504 Associates LLC, Defendant.
Robert A. Katz, New York, for appellant. Robert A. Horn, New York, for respondent.
Robert A. Katz, New York, for appellant. Robert A. Horn, New York, for respondent.
MOSKOWITZ, J.P., RENWICK, DEGRASSE, ABDUS–SALAAM, ROMÁN JJ.
Order, Supreme Court, New York County (Donna M. Mills, J.), entered May 27, 2011, which, in this action where plaintiff is, inter alia, seeking an injunction against her former husband, defendant Gilbert Rogin, compelling him to pay rent to her landlord, defendant 504 Associates LLC, under a written guaranty, inter alia, denied plaintiff's motion to remove a pending nonpayment proceeding brought against her by defendant landlord in Civil Court and join it with this action, and denied defendant landlord's motion to dismiss the complaint, unanimously modified, on the law, to the extent of granting plaintiff's motion to remove the nonpayment proceeding from Civil Court and join it with the present action, and otherwise affirmed, without costs.
Dismissal of the complaint against the landlord was proper since plaintiff failed to state a cause of action against it. Plaintiff's first claim against the landlord, where she alleges that instituting a summary proceeding against her “amounts to unfair conduct” is essentially an allegation of promissory estoppel. However, while her complaint alleges that Gilbert Rogin induced her to rent the subject apartment, it fails to allege that the landlord in any way induced her to rent the apartment. Reliance upon a promise made by the party against whom estoppel is alleged is an element necessary to an estoppel claim ( MatlinPatterson ATA Holdings LLC v. Fed. Express Corp., 87 A.D.3d 836, 929 N.Y.S.2d 571 [2011]; Winchester–Simmons Co. v. Simmons, 222 A.D. 639, 640, 227 N.Y.S. 408 [1928] ), and since plaintiff failed to allege that the landlord made any promises to her upon which she relied, her first claim against the landlord, sounding in promissory estoppel, must be dismissed ( id.). Moreover, plaintiff's second cause of action against the landlord, alleging intentional infliction of emotional distress also fails to state a cause of action since the basis for the claim—landlord's commencement of a nonpayment proceeding against plaintiff—is not “so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency” ( Howell v. New York Post Co., 81 N.Y.2d 115, 122, 596 N.Y.S.2d 350, 612 N.E.2d 699 [1993] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted] ).
However, the motion court erred in denying plaintiff's motion for removal and a joint trial.
That Gilbert Rogin, pursuant to the guaranty agreement, is responsible to pay plaintiff's rent is both an equitable claim made by plaintiff in this action and an equitable defense raised by her in the summary proceeding. Accordingly, this action and the nonpayment proceeding share a substantial common question of law or fact, warranting joinder ( see CPLR 602[a], [b]; Braun v. Fraydun Realty Co., 158 A.D.2d 430, 431, 552 N.Y.S.2d 5 [1990]; F.W. Woolworth Co. v. Manhattan Hi–Rise Apts., 118 A.D.2d 505, 500 N.Y.S.2d 114 [1986] ). Moreover, joinder is also warranted since plaintiff seeks an equitable remedy, an injunction, which the Civil Court cannot grant ( DeCastro v. Bhokari, 201 A.D.2d 382, 383, 607 N.Y.S.2d 348 [1994]; cf. Lun Far Co. v. Aylesbury Assoc., 40 A.D.2d 794, 338 N.Y.S.2d 84 [1972] [Unless it is clear that the relief sought cannot be obtained in a summary proceeding in Civil Court, an action should not be removed, joined and/or consolidated with a another in Supreme Court] ). While prejudice serves to bar consolidation or joinder ( Chinatown Apts. v. New York City Tr. Auth., 100 A.D.2d 824, 825, 474 N.Y.S.2d 763 [1984] ), here, the landlord has never raised such argument, arguing instead the incongruity of the issues between the actions. Moreover, as noted by the motion court, any delay of the nonpayment proceeding resulting from joinder of these actions, can be ameliorated by ordering expedited discovery concomitantly with the issuance of the order mandating that the actions be joined ( id. at 825, 474 N.Y.S.2d 763; Tillotson v. Shulman, 73 A.D.2d 688, 689, 423 N.Y.S.2d 236 [1979] ).
The motion court's order treats plaintiff's motion as one for consolidation, when the relief prayed for was an order directing a joint trial. Here, that distinction is critical since a true consolidation, where the captions merge and we are then left with only one action and one caption, is inappropriate since plaintiff in this action is also a respondent in the other action ( Bass v. France, 70 A.D.2d 849, 849, 418 N.Y.S.2d 43 [1979] [“Consolidation was inappropriate since Milton James Bass ... [a party to both actions] would have been both a plaintiff and a defendant in the consolidated action”] ).
We have considered plaintiff's remaining contentions and find them unavailing.
Motion to strike brief denied.