Rodgers v. United States

Full title: MELODY RODGERS, Plaintiff - Appellant, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE…

Court: United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit

Date published: Jul 27, 2023

No. 23-1273 (4th Cir. Jul. 27, 2023)

Opinion

23-1214 23-1162 23-1216 23-1219 23-1248 23-1250 23-1253 23-1256 23-1257 23-1258 23-1260 23-1261 23-1264 23-1265 23-1266 23-1268 23-1269 23-1270 23-1271 23-1272 23-1273 23-1283 23-1284 23-1285 23-1286 23-1287

07-27-2023

MELODY RODGERS, Plaintiff - Appellant, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. and BRANDEE RITSEMA; LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; LORA BYERS; OCERINE COOPER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; LORA BYERS; OCERINE COOPER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL, Plaintiffs - Appellants, and BRANDEE RITSEMA; LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; JESSICA KIRBY; DANIEL BLUE; BRENDA BLUE; KATHRINE THOMAS; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; LORA BYERS; OCERINE COOPER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. JESSICA KIRBY, Plaintiff - Appellant, and BRANDEE RITSEMA; LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; LORA BYERS; OCERINE COOPER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. KIMBERLY VIFINKLE, Intervenor/Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; JESSICA KIRBY; BRANDEE RITSEMA; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; LORA BYERS; OCERINE COOPER, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. LORA BYERS, Intervenor/Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; JESSICA KIRBY; BRANDEE RITSEMA; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; OCERINE COOPER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. OCERINE COOPER, Intervenor/Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; JESSICA KIRBY; BRANDEE RITSEMA; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; LORA BYERS; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. KATHRINE THOMAS, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; JESSICA KIRBY; BRANDEE RITSEMA; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; LORA BYERS; OCERINE COOPER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. TIJANA VIDANOVIC, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. RENESHA TOMLIN, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. SALLY BORGHESE, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. MALACHI CHAPMAN, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE, Plaintiffs - Appellants, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. CHRISTINA ANDERSON, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. SARA YBARRA-JOHNSON, Intervenor/Plaintiff Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA; ALAN MEDDOWS, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS; KARLA JOHNSON, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. KARLA JOHNSON, Intervenor/Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA; ALAN MEDDOWS, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS; SARA YBARRA-JOHNSON, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS, Intervenor/Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA; ALAN MEDDOWS, Plaintiffs, and AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS; KARLA JOHNSON; SARA YBARRA-JOHNSON, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. ALAN MEDDOWS, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS; KARLA JOHNSON; SARA YBARRA-JOHNSON, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. APRIL FOX, Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; ALAN MEDDOWS; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS; KARLA JOHNSON; SARA YBARRA-JOHNSON, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. TERESA GOIN, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; ALAN MEDDOWS; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. GERRI F. HOOD, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; ALAN MEDDOWS; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. BARBARA MAST, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; ALAN MEDDOWS; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. LATASHA WOOLRIDGE, Plaintiff - Appellant, and LAURIE REYNOLDS; CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; ALAN MEDDOWS; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees. LAURIE REYNOLDS, Plaintiff - Appellant, and CECELIA EVERTEZ; RAYMOND SIPULT; GLENDA CODY; RUSS E. CODY; KEONA BRADLEY; ELIZABETH ANDREWS; MELODY RODGERS; EMILY O'DELL; WILLIAM O'DELL; MALACHI CHAPMAN; TIJANA VIDANOVIC; RENESHA TOMLIN; KESHIA HOLLIMAN, a/k/a Keshia Horton; KRISTEN CLARK-HASSEL; SALLY BORGHESE; ALAN MEDDOWS; CHRISTINA ANDERSON; JESSICA KIRBY; KATHRINE THOMAS; BRENDA BLUE; DANIEL BLUE; BRANDEE RITSEMA, Plaintiffs, and BEATRICE RIVERA ADAMS; AUDREY LESSNER; KIMBERLY VIFINKLE; OCERINE COOPER; LORA BYERS, Intervenors/Plaintiffs, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; JOE BIDEN, President of the United States Department; KAMALA D. HARRIS, Vice President of the United States; XAVIER BECERRA, United States Department of Health and Human Services; MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General of the United States; JERRY MILNER, Director of the Children's Bureau for the Administration for Children and Families; DOES, United States Assistant Secretaries for Administration for Children and Family Services; GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of California; JERRY BROWN, Former Governor of California; ELENI KOUNALAKIS, Lieutenant Governor of California; GREG ABOTT, Governor of Texas; DAN PATRICK, Lieutenant Governor of Texas; SUSANA MARTINEZ, Former Governor of New Mexico; MICHELLE LUJAN-GRISHAW, Governor of New Mexico; DOUG DUCEY, Governor of Arizona; RON DESANTIS, Governor of Florida; TOM WOLF, Governor of Pennsylvania; BRIAN KEMP, Governor of Georgia; BILL LEE, Governor of Tennessee; MICHAEL DUNLEAVY, Governor of Alaska; KATHLEEN LAURA KELLY, Governor of Kansas; KATHY HOCHUL, Governor of New York; GRETCHEN WHITMER, Governor of Michigan; JACKEY LACEY, Governor of Los Angeles County; ROB BONTA, Attorney General of Los Angeles County; KEN PAXTON, Attorney General of Texas; JAIMIE MASTERS, Commissioner of the Department of Family and Child Protective Services; WILLIAM CLARK, President of Saint Francis Ministries; ST. FRANCIS MINISTRIES; KIDS CENTRAL INC., a/k/a The Centers Inc.; MARICOPA COUNTY ARIZONA; SEBASTIAN COUNTY ARKANSAS; SCOTT COUNTY ARKANSAS; LOS ANGELES COUNTY CALIFORNIA; RIVERSIDE COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MONTEREY COUNTY CALIFORNIA; MARION COUNTY FLORIDA; MIAMI-DADE COUNTY FLORIDA; ST. LUCIE COUNTY FLORIDA; CAMDEN COUNTY GEORGIA; LAURENS COUNTY GEORGIA; HUTCHINSON COUNTY KANSAS; SEDGWICK COUNTY KANSAS; ST. MARYS COUNTY MARYLAND; KENT COUNTY MICHIGAN; OAKLAND COUNTY MICHIGAN; BERNALILLO COUNTY NEW MEXICO; KINGS COUNTY NEW YORK; MONROE COUNTY NEW YORK; WASHINGTON COUNTY OHIO; ALLEGHANY COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA; MCLENNAN COUNTY TEXAS; BELL COUNTY TEXAS; WICHITA COUNTY TEXAS; BLOUNT COUNTY TENNESSEE, Defendants - Appellees.

Melody Rodgers; Brandee Ritsema; Emily O'Dell; William O'Dell; Jessica Kirby; Kimberly Vifinkle; Lora Byers; Ocerine Cooper; Kathrine Thomas; Tijana Vidanovic; Renesha Tomlin; Sally Borghese; Kristen Clark-Hassell; Malachi Chapman; Keshia Holliman; Brenda Blue; Daniel Blue; Christina Anderson; Sara Elizabeth Ybarra Johnson; Karla Johnson; Beatrice Rivera; Alan Meddows; April Fox; Teresa Goin; Gerri F. Hood; Barbara Mast; Latasha Woolridge; Laurie Reynolds, Appellants Pro Se.

PER CURIAM:

UNPUBLISHED

Submitted: July 25, 2023

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Wilmington. Louise W. Flanagan, District Judge. (7:22-cv-00178-FL)

Melody Rodgers; Brandee Ritsema; Emily O'Dell; William O'Dell; Jessica Kirby; Kimberly Vifinkle; Lora Byers; Ocerine Cooper; Kathrine Thomas; Tijana Vidanovic; Renesha Tomlin; Sally Borghese; Kristen Clark-Hassell; Malachi Chapman; Keshia Holliman; Brenda Blue; Daniel Blue; Christina Anderson; Sara Elizabeth Ybarra Johnson; Karla Johnson; Beatrice Rivera; Alan Meddows; April Fox; Teresa Goin; Gerri F. Hood; Barbara Mast; Latasha Woolridge; Laurie Reynolds, Appellants Pro Se.

Before WYNN and HEYTENS, Circuit Judges, and FLOYD, Senior Circuit Judge.

Dismissed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.

PER CURIAM:

In these consolidated appeals, Appellants seek to appeal the district court's orders dismissing some appellants as plaintiffs, denying others' motions to intervene as plaintiffs, and denying reconsideration of those orders. This court may exercise jurisdiction only over final orders, 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and certain interlocutory and collateral orders, 28 U.S.C. § 1292; Fed.R.Civ.P. 54(b); Cohen v. Beneficial Indus. Loan Corp., 337 U.S. 541, 545-46 (1949). The orders Appellants seek to appeal are neither final orders nor appealable interlocutory or collateral orders. Accordingly, we dismiss the appeals for lack of jurisdiction and deny as moot the pending motions for leave to file an amicus curiae brief, to expedite the decision, and to extend filing time. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the decisional process.

DISMISSED.