Opinion
CIVIL ACTION NO. 4:19-CV-02180
03-06-2020
DAVID PINKNEY, Plaintiff, v. COOPER/PORTS AMERICAN LLC et al, Defendants.
ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REMAND
The Court finds that pro se Plaintiff David Pinkney has improperly joined Defendant Cooper/Ports American LLC. His motion seeking remand is denied. Dkt 4.
C/PA is dismissed without prejudice. Defendant American Longshore Mutual Association remains in this action.
1. Background
Pinkney asserts that he worked on a ship in the Port of Houston in the course and scope of his employment as a longshoreman for C/PA. Dkt 1-1 at 4. He alleges that he was injured during that work. Ibid. A worker's compensation policy provided by ALMA to C/PA was in effect at the time of the alleged incident. Ibid.
Pinkney filed for worker's compensation in August 2017 under the Longshore and Harbor Worker's Compensation Act. Dkt 1-2 at 13. The Administrative Law Judge denied Pinkney benefits because he did not attend a psychiatric evaluation or a functional-capacity evaluation and failed to comply with court orders despite being given numerous warnings. Id at 18-20.
Pinkney filed suit in state court against C/PA and ALMA. Dkt 1-1. He seeks damages of $200,000. Id at 3.
Pinkney and C/PA are citizens of Texas. ALMA is a citizen of Bermuda. ALMA removed the action based on diversity jurisdiction, arguing improper joiner of C/PA. Dkt 1. ALMA also asserted admiralty jurisdiction. Pinkney seeks remand.
2. Legal standard
A federal court has subject matter jurisdiction over a civil action where there is diversity jurisdiction. 28 USC § 1332(a). This requires at least $75,000 in controversy and complete diversity. Ibid. Complete diversity means that no plaintiff may be a citizen of the same state or foreign state as one of the defendants. See Harvey v Grey Wolf Drilling Co, 542 F3d 1077, 1079 (5th Cir 2008).
The Fifth Circuit instructs that proper assessment of complete diversity disregards improperly joined parties. See Cuevas v BAC Home Loans Servicing LP, 648 F3d 242, 249 (5th Cir 2011). It is improper to join a party against whom the plaintiff cannot bring a claim. Smallwood v Illinois Central Railroad Co, 385 F3d 568, 573 (5th Cir 2004).
If the Court finds that a defendant has been improperly joined, it must dismiss that party without prejudice. International Energy Ventures Management LLC v United Energy Group Ltd, 818 F3d 193, 209 (5th Cir 2016).
3. Analysis
This Court unquestionably has diversity jurisdiction if C/PA is not viably part of this lawsuit. But complete diversity does not exist if C/PA is a proper party.
Under the LHWCA, an employee injured in the course and scope of his employment only has a worker's compensation claim against his employer. See 33 USC § 904. The LHWCA specifically provides that this compensation remedy is exclusive—the employer cannot be held liable for additional damages in tort. See 33 USC § 905(a); see also Southwest Marine Inc v Gizpni, 502 US 81, 86 (1991). The Fifth Circuit interprets this provision to mean that "[w]orker's compensation under the LHWCA is the exclusive remedy for an employee against his employer because the Act bars all common law tort actions against the employer." Jackson v Total E & P USA Inc, 341 F App'x 85, 86 (5th Cir 2009).
The LHWCA does generally preserve an injured worker's remedies against third parties who may have caused the injury. Chenevert v Travelers Indemnity Company, 746 F3d 581, 585 (5th Cir 2014). But Pinkney is not here suing a third party. C/PA was his employer. This is not disputed.
Two other main exceptions to the exclusive-remedy rule exist. One is where an employer "fails to secure payment of compensation" required by the statute. Bollinger Shipyards Inc v Director, Office of Worker's Compensation Programs, 604 F3d 864, 878 (5th Cir 2010), quoting § 905(a). This refers to "how and in what manner an employer shall comply with the obligation to secure payment of compensation." Thibodeaux v J. Ray McDermott & Co, 276 F2d 42, 46 (5th Cir 1960). Pinkney does not allege that C/PA failed to secure payment of compensation. Indeed, he also sues ALMA, who provided a worker's compensation policy to C/PA.
Another is where the employer is also the vessel owner. For example, see Short v Manson Gulf LLC, 543 F Supp 2d 563, 567 (ED La 2008). But Pinkney does not allege that C/PA owned the ship on which he was injured.
The exclusive-remedies provision of the LHWCA bars Pinkney's claims against C/PA. With C/PA dismissed, the remaining defendants are diverse, and the parties agree that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.
Because diversity jurisdiction exists, the Court needn't also address the allegation of admiralty jurisdiction. C/PA does not rely on it in its response. And the petition does not include enough facts for the Court to determine whether admiralty jurisdiction is met.
4. Conclusion
C/PA is DISMISSED without prejudice.
The Court DENIES the motion to remand. Dkt 4.
ALMA remains a defendant in this action.
SO ORDERED.
Signed on March 6, 2020, at Houston, Texas.
/s/_________
Hon. Charles Eskridge
United States District Judge