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In Peters v. Quarterman, 252 F. App'x 705, 2007 WL 3230333 (5th Cir., October 31,2007), an inmate alleged that he was disciplined in retaliation for threatening a female correctional officer with exposure of her alleged inappropriate relationship with another inmate, and her alleged smuggling of contraband to that inmate.
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No. 05-20540 Summary Calendar.
October 31, 2007.
Tony Shane Peters, Rosharon, TX, pro se.
Sallie Christian-Carnal, Office of the Attorney General for the State of Texas, Austin, TX, for Respondent-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, USDC No. 4:04-CV-2597.
Before KING, DAVIS, and CLEMENT, Circuit Judges.
Tony Shane Peters, Texas prisoner # 710206, appeals the district court's dismissal of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition. Peters filed the petition to challenge the result of a prison disciplinary hearing for which he received a day in solitary confinement, loss of 60 days of good time credit, 35 days of commissary and recreation restriction, and a line class reduction. This court granted a certificate of appealability on whether Peters had stated a claim of retaliation which, if true, would warrant federal habeas relief from his prison disciplinary conviction and whether the district court should have addressed this issue. On appeal from the denial of § 2254 petition, we review a district court's findings of fact for clear error and questions of law de novo. Virgil v. Dretke, 446 F.3d 598, 604-05 (5th Cir. 2006).
Peters asserts that the disciplinary action was taken in retaliation for his threat to a female correctional officer to expose her alleged inappropriate relationship with another offender and her alleged smuggling of contraband to that offender. To state a retaliation claim, Peters "must allege (1) a specific constitutional right, (2) the defendant's intent to retaliate against the prisoner for his or her exercise of that right, (3) a retaliatory adverse act, and (4) causation." Hart v. Hairston, 343 F.3d 762, 764 (5th Cir. 2003). The burden placed on the inmate to demonstrate a valid retaliation claim is "significant," and "[m]ere conclusionary allegations of retaliation" are insufficient. Woods v. Smith, 60 F.3d 1161, 1166 (5th Cir. 1995). To meet his burden, Peters must "produce direct evidence of motivation," which he has not done, or he must "allege a chronology of events from which retaliation may plausibly be inferred." Id. Retaliation may be inferred from the exercise of the protected right to complain followed by an adverse act. Id. at 1164.; Gibbs v. King, 779 F.2d 1040, 1042 (5th Cir. 1986); Ruiz v. Estelle, 679 F.2d 1115, 1153-55 (5th Cir.), opinion amended in part and vacated in part on other grounds, 688 F.2d 266 (5th Cir. 1982).
Peters does not identify what specific constitutional right he exercised that prompted the allegedly retaliatory disciplinary action. Peters had not exercised his right to file a grievance or to seek legal action. If his brief is liberally construed, Peters suggests that his threat to complain about a correction officer's misconduct is sufficient to show a chronology of events from which a retaliatory motive may be inferred. Peters, however, does not argue that his threat to expose a corrections officer's alleged misconduct amounts to his exercise of a specific constitutional right. Peters has, thus, failed to state a valid claim of retaliation.
Peters has not briefed the issue of whether the district court erred when it did not address his retaliation claim. He has therefore abandoned any argument with respect to this issue. See Yohey v. Collins, 985 F.2d 222, 224-25 (5th Cir. 1993). The judgment of the district court dismissing Peter's § 2254 petition is AFFIRMED. Peter's motion for production of documents is DENIED.