Opinion
1003 KA 19-00979
03-17-2023
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Miguel PARILLA, Defendant-Appellant.
THE LEGAL AID BUREAU OF BUFFALO, INC., BUFFALO (ROBERT L. KEMP OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. JOHN J. FLYNN, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, BUFFALO (JERRY MARTI OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
THE LEGAL AID BUREAU OF BUFFALO, INC., BUFFALO (ROBERT L. KEMP OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
JOHN J. FLYNN, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, BUFFALO (JERRY MARTI OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: WHALEN, P.J., SMITH, LINDLEY, BANNISTER, AND MONTOUR, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.
Memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him, upon a nonjury verdict, of two counts of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the third degree ( Penal Law § 220.16 [1] ), and one count each of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the fourth degree (§ 220.09 [1]) and criminal possession of a controlled substance in the fifth degree (§ 220.06 [1]). We affirm.
Defendant contends that, because the mistrial declared over his objection during his first bench trial was necessitated by a deliberate intent on the part of the People to provoke a mistrial, his second trial was barred by the double jeopardy clauses of the federal and state constitutions. We reject that contention. "Where a court grants a mistrial over the objection of a defendant or without obtaining the defendant's consent, the double jeopardy provisions of both our State Constitution ( NY Const, art I, § 6 ) and Federal Constitution ( US Const 5th Amend) prohibit retrial for the same crime unless there was a ‘manifest necessity’ for the mistrial or ‘the ends of public justice would otherwise be defeated’ " ( People v. Magee , 254 A.D.2d 825, 826, 679 N.Y.S.2d 485 [4th Dept. 1998], lv denied 92 N.Y.2d 1035, 684 N.Y.S.2d 500, 707 N.E.2d 455 [1998], quoting United States v. Perez , 22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 579, 580, 6 L.Ed. 165 [1824] ; see People v. Ferguson , 67 N.Y.2d 383, 387-388, 502 N.Y.S.2d 972, 494 N.E.2d 77 [1986] ).
Here, during the first bench trial, before a County Court Judge, the People promptly disclosed to the Judge that their final witness—a longtime girlfriend of defendant—had disclosed after taking the stand and becoming aware that the Judge was presiding that defendant had previously suggested to her that he had personal knowledge of the Judge having engaged in certain serious improprieties off the bench. Following discussions that took place over the course of multiple days during which the Judge vehemently denied the allegation, the Judge ultimately declared a mistrial pursuant to CPL 280.10 (3) on his own motion because the Judge, as the trier of fact, had been placed in the untenable position of having to assess the credibility of a witness who had made a spurious allegation against him. We conclude that the mistrial was justified by manifest necessity in these circumstances because the Judge—upon a " ‘scrupulous exercise of judicial discretion’ ... after consideration of the ‘vital competing interests’ of the prosecution and the accused"—had a "basis of demonstrable substance" for declaring a mistrial given that "the appearance of impropriety may sometimes[, as here,] be as devastating as the reality" ( Matter of Ferlito v. Judges of County Ct., Suffolk County , 31 N.Y.2d 416, 419-420, 340 N.Y.S.2d 635, 292 N.E.2d 779 [1972] ). Indeed, contrary to defendant's contention, the record establishes that the Judge fulfilled his "duty to consider alternatives to a mistrial and to obtain enough information so that it [was] clear that a mistrial [was] actually necessary" ( Ferguson , 67 N.Y.2d at 388, 502 N.Y.S.2d 972, 494 N.E.2d 77 ; cf. Matter of McNair v. McNamara , 206 A.D.3d 1689, 1691-1692, 169 N.Y.S.3d 774 [4th Dept. 2022] ). Moreover, the record does not support defendant's "claim that the mistrial ... was necessitated by a deliberate intent on the part of the prosecution to provoke a mistrial" ( People v. Reardon , 126 A.D.2d 974, 974, 511 N.Y.S.2d 748 [4th Dept. 1987] ; see People v. Haffa , 197 A.D.3d 964, 965, 150 N.Y.S.3d 658 [4th Dept. 2021], lv denied 37 N.Y.3d 1059, 154 N.Y.S.3d 634, 176 N.E.3d 670 [2021] ; People v. Maldonado , 122 A.D.3d 1379, 1380, 997 N.Y.S.2d 205 [4th Dept. 2014], lv denied 27 N.Y.3d 1002, 38 N.Y.S.3d 111, 59 N.E.3d 1223 [2016], reconsideration denied 28 N.Y.3d 933, 40 N.Y.S.3d 361, 63 N.E.3d 81 [2016] ). We therefore conclude that Supreme Court properly determined that the second trial was not barred by double jeopardy. To the extent that defendant raises an additional double jeopardy challenge, we conclude that it does not warrant reversal or modification of the judgment.
We reject defendant's contention that the court erred in its rulings during witness testimony that, pursuant to People v. Molineux , 168 N.Y. 264 (1901), the People were permitted to introduce evidence of defendant's prior drug sales. The testimony concerning defendant's prior drug sales was admissible with respect to the issue of his intent to sell drugs (see People v. Kims , 24 N.Y.3d 422, 439, 999 N.Y.S.2d 337, 24 N.E.3d 573 [2014] ; People v. Harrison , 200 A.D.3d 1731, 1731, 155 N.Y.S.3d 902 [4th Dept. 2021] ), as well as " ‘to complete the narrative of events leading up to the crime[s] for which defendant [was] on trial’ " ( People v. Ray , 63 A.D.3d 1705, 1706, 880 N.Y.S.2d 837 [4th Dept. 2009], lv denied 13 N.Y.3d 838, 890 N.Y.S.2d 454, 918 N.E.2d 969 [2009] ; see People v. Whitfield , 115 A.D.3d 1181, 1182, 982 N.Y.S.2d 242 [2014], lv denied 23 N.Y.3d 1044, 993 N.Y.S.2d 258, 17 N.E.3d 513 [2014] ), and we conclude that the probative value of such evidence outweighed the danger of prejudice (see People v. Alvino , 71 N.Y.2d 233, 242, 525 N.Y.S.2d 7, 519 N.E.2d 808 [1987] ; Whitfield , 115 A.D.3d at 1182, 982 N.Y.S.2d 242 ). Further, even assuming, arguendo, that the court "erred in admitting [the] evidence of prior [drug sales] without a prior ruling that [such] evidence was admissible," we conclude that any such error is harmless ( People v. Smith [appeal No. 1], 266 A.D.2d 889, 889, 698 N.Y.S.2d 197 [4th Dept. 1999], lv denied 94 N.Y.2d 907, 707 N.Y.S.2d 392, 728 N.E.2d 991 [2000]; see People v. Hogue , 133 A.D.3d 1209, 1211, 19 N.Y.S.3d 640 [4th Dept. 2015], lv denied 27 N.Y.3d 1152, 39 N.Y.S.3d 386, 62 N.E.3d 126 [2016] ).
Defendant's challenge to the legal sufficiency of the evidence is preserved only in part because, in moving for a trial order of dismissal, defendant raised only some of the specific grounds raised on appeal (see People v. Gray , 86 N.Y.2d 10, 19, 629 N.Y.S.2d 173, 652 N.E.2d 919 [1995] ; People v. Dibble , 176 A.D.3d 1584, 1586, 112 N.Y.S.3d 352 [4th Dept. 2019], lv denied 34 N.Y.3d 1077, 116 N.Y.S.3d 170, 181, 139 N.E.3d 828, 839 [2019]). In any event, contrary to defendant's contention, there is a "valid line of reasoning and permissible inferences" that could lead a rational person to conclude, beyond a reasonable doubt ( People v. Delamota , 18 N.Y.3d 107, 113, 936 N.Y.S.2d 614, 960 N.E.2d 383 [2011] ), that defendant committed the crimes of which he was convicted. Contrary to defendant's further contention, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes in this nonjury trial (see People v. Danielson , 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 [2007] ), we conclude that the verdict is not against the weight of the evidence (see generally People v. Bleakley , 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 [1987] ).
Contrary to defendant's further contention, we conclude that defense counsel was not ineffective for failing to move to suppress the drugs located in a bedroom of a house at which defendant resided because "[t]here can be no denial of effective assistance of trial counsel arising from counsel's failure to ‘make a motion or argument that has little or no chance of success’ " ( People v. Caban , 5 N.Y.3d 143, 152, 800 N.Y.S.2d 70, 833 N.E.2d 213 [2005] ; see People v. Carver , 27 N.Y.3d 418, 421, 33 N.Y.S.3d 857, 53 N.E.3d 734 [2016] ).
We reject defendant's contention that the sentence is unduly harsh and severe. We note, however, that the certificate of conviction and uniform sentence and commitment form should be amended to reflect that defendant was sentenced as a second felony drug offender (see People v. Barksdale , 191 A.D.3d 1370, 1373, 141 N.Y.S.3d 608 [4th Dept. 2021], lv denied 36 N.Y.3d 1118, 146 N.Y.S.3d 197, 169 N.E.3d 555 [2021] ).