Opinion
12-17-2015
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Jennifer L. FARNSWORTH, Appellant.
Theresa M. Suozzi, Saratoga Springs, for appellant. Karen Heggen, District Attorney, Ballston Spa (Kristin T. Foust of counsel), for respondent.
Theresa M. Suozzi, Saratoga Springs, for appellant.
Karen Heggen, District Attorney, Ballston Spa (Kristin T. Foust of counsel), for respondent.
Before: McCARTHY, J.P., EGAN JR., LYNCH and DEVINE, JJ.
LYNCH, J.Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Saratoga County (Scarano, J.), rendered October 7, 2014, upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crime of driving while intoxicated.
In August 2013, Daniel Bornt, a State Trooper, responded to a dispatch call regarding a suspicious vehicle on a residential street in the Town of Malta, Saratoga County. Bornt discovered defendant's car, with its head and brake lights turned on, pulled over to the right side of the road but obstructing the traffic flow. After pulling over behind defendant's car and activating his emergency lights, Bornt approached defendant's car, knocked on her window and gestured for her to roll it down. He observed that defendant's eyes were "bloodshot[,] watery [and] droopy," the vehicle smelled of alcohol, there was a quantity of unopened beer on the passenger seat and one open bottle of beer on the passenger side floor. When asked, defendant advised that she had consumed two beers at a party. Bornt asked defendant to step out of the vehicle and administered field sobriety tests. Based on the results of the tests, Bornt arrested defendant and brought her to the police station. Prior to trial, defendant moved to suppress certain evidence of her intoxication based on her claim that Bornt did not have probable cause to stop and arrest her. County Court denied the motion and the matter proceeded to a jury trial, where defendant was found guilty of driving while intoxicated. Defendant now appeals.
Initially, we find that County Court properly denied defendant's suppression motion. At the pretrial hearing, Bornt recalled the above encounter with defendant, who did not testify. We reject defendant's claim that she was illegally "seized" once Bornt activated the emergency lights. "It is well settled ... that police officers may approach an individual for basic inquiry provided there is an objective credible reason to do so, not necessarily indicative of criminality" (People v. Story, 81 A.D.3d 1168, 1168, 917 N.Y.S.2d 403 [2011] [citations omitted] ). Here, Bornt testified that there had been a number of recent burglaries in the area. That, together with the 911 call reporting a "suspicious vehicle," provided the requisite rationale for Bornt to approach defendant's vehicle that was already stopped on the side of the road (see People v. De Bour, 40 N.Y.2d 210, 220, 386 N.Y.S.2d 375, 352 N.E.2d 562 [1976] ; People v. Wallgren, 94 A.D.3d 1339, 1340, 943 N.Y.S.2d 639 [2012] ; People v. Story, 81 A.D.3d at 1168, 917 N.Y.S.2d 403 ). The legality of the encounter with defendant's already stopped vehicle is not affected by the fact that Bornt activated his lights first. Rather, by doing so, he properly alerted defendant and presumably other motorists to his presence on the roadway (see People v. Wallgren, 94 A.D.3d at 1341 n. 1, 943 N.Y.S.2d 639 ). In our view, Bornt's observations after he approached defendant and the results of the field sobriety testing provided probable cause for defendant's subsequent arrest (see People v. Fenger, 68 A.D.3d 1441, 1443, 892 N.Y.S.2d 591 [2009] ). Next, although defendant's general motion to dismiss at the close of the proof failed to preserve her challenge to the legal sufficiency of the evidence (see People v. Hawkins, 11 N.Y.3d 484, 491, 872 N.Y.S.2d 395, 900 N.E.2d 946 [2008] ), we will consider the evidence as part of her claim that the jury verdict was not supported by the weight of the evidence (see People v. Sydlar, 106 A.D.3d 1368, 1369, 966 N.Y.S.2d 255 [2013], lv. denied 21 N.Y.3d 1046, 972 N.Y.S.2d 543, 995 N.E.2d 859 [2013] ). Generally, a driving while intoxicated verdict must be supported by evidence that defendant was in an intoxicated condition when he or she operated the vehicle (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1192[3] ; People v. Colburn, 123 A.D.3d 1292, 1293, 998 N.Y.S.2d 257 [2014], lv. denied 25 N.Y.3d 950, 7 N.Y.S.3d 279, 30 N.E.3d 170 [2015] ). "[A] driver is intoxicated when he or she has voluntarily consumed alcohol to the extent that he or she is incapable of employing the physical and mental abilities which he or she is expected to possess in order to operate a vehicle as a reasonable and prudent driver" (People v. Carota, 93 A.D.3d 1072, 1073, 941 N.Y.S.2d 302 [2012] [internal quotation marks, brackets and citation omitted] ).
Having found that defendant was not "seized," it is not necessary to consider whether Bornt's determination to ticket defendant for a violation of Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1201(a) was objectively reasonable (see
Although defendant contends that there was not sufficient proof that she was operating the vehicle while intoxicated, we disagree. Bornt testified that when he approached defendant, she was sitting in the driver's seat of her car, the keys were in the ignition and the head and brake lights were on. For purposes of Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1192(3), proof that a driver is behind the wheel with the engine running is sufficient evidence of "operation" even where, as here, the vehicle is not in motion (see People v. Colburn, 123 A.D.3d at 1293, 998 N.Y.S.2d 257 ; People v. Westcott, 84 A.D.3d 1510, 1512, 923 N.Y.S.2d 763 [2011] ). As to defendant's intoxicated state, Bornt's testimony with regard to his observations, defendant's performance on the field sobriety tests, her statements to Bornt and her repeated refusal to submit to chemical testing support the jury's determination that defendant operated her vehicle in an intoxicated state (see People v. Carota, 93 A.D.3d at 1073, 941 N.Y.S.2d 302 ; People v. Gallup, 302 A.D.2d 681, 683, 755 N.Y.S.2d 498 [2003], lv. denied 100 N.Y.2d 594, 766 N.Y.S.2d 169, 798 N.E.2d 353 [2003] ). In sum, although a different verdict would not have been unreasonable (see People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 [1987] ), we find that the jury reasonably credited Bornt's testimony and the verdict was supported by the weight of the evidence (see id.; People v. Carota, 93 A.D.3d at 1075, 941 N.Y.S.2d 302 ; People v. Hamm, 29 A.D.3d 1079, 1080, 814 N.Y.S.2d 403 [2006] ; People v. Gallup, 302 A.D.2d at 683, 755 N.Y.S.2d 498 ).
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.
McCARTHY, J.P., EGAN JR. and DEVINE, JJ., concur.
People v. Guthrie, 25 N.Y.3d 130, 134, 8 N.Y.S.3d 237, 30 N.E.3d 880 [2015] ).