Opinion
May 12, 1998
Appeal from the Supreme Court, New York County (William Wetzel, J.).
The court properly denied defendant's mistrial motion following the prosecutor's opening remarks mistakenly attributing to defendant the exculpatory postarrest statement of another, since these remarks caused no prejudice to defendant. Defendant's claim of prejudice resulting from an ethnic reference in the statement rests entirely on speculation. In any event, the jury is presumed to have followed the court's curative instruction ( see, People v. Davis, 58 N.Y.2d 1102) that defendant, in fact, never made such a statement and that arguments by counsel are not evidence.
The prior testimony sought by defendant to be admitted under the prior inconsistent statement exception to the hearsay rule did not qualify as such, and was properly excluded. The witness's Grand Jury testimony concerning the color of defendant's pants was inadmissible because the witness's trial testimony that he had no recollection of the color of the pants "was not a statement of a material fact subject to impeachment by a prior inconsistent statement. Admitting the statement in this posture [would have been] tantamount to admitting it as evidence in chief." ( Varela v. Previti, 64 A.D.2d 560, 560-561; see also, People v. Alicea, 229 A.D.2d 80, 88, lv denied 90 N.Y.2d 890.) Defendant also failed to lay a proper foundation for admission of this Grand Jury testimony, taken months after the event, as past recollection recorded ( Varela v. Previti, supra, at 561).
The challenged portions of the prosecutor's summation did not, under the circumstances, constitute comment on defendant's failure to testify. Instead, they were fair comments on defendant's postarrest admissions of involvement in the incident and a reasonable response to defendant's summation comments seeking to characterize these statements as either noninculpatory or a denial of involvement in the attack ( see, People v. Ashwal, 39 N.Y.2d 105, 109).
The court's charge, when read as a whole, properly conveyed the concept of reasonable doubt ( see, People v. Cubino, 88 N.Y.2d 998).
Concur — Milonas, J.P., Wallach, Rubin, Mazzarelli and Saxe, JJ.