Opinion
106780.
02-25-2016
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. James DAVIS, Appellant.
Susan Patnode, Rural Law Center of New York, Castleton (George J. Hoffman Jr. of counsel), for appellant. Mary E. Rain, District Attorney, Canton (Ramy Louis of counsel), for respondent.
Susan Patnode, Rural Law Center of New York, Castleton (George J. Hoffman Jr. of counsel), for appellant.
Mary E. Rain, District Attorney, Canton (Ramy Louis of counsel), for respondent.
Opinion
EGAN JR., J.
Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of St. Lawrence County (Richards, J.), rendered April 24, 2006, convicting defendant upon his plea of guilty of the crime of assault in the first degree.
While playing cards in their cell, defendant, a prison inmate, engaged in a fight with his cellmate on April 7, 2005. Documentary evidence contained in the record on appeal reflects that the cellmate, who “appeared to have been severely beaten,” died from asphyxiation due to strangulation. As a result, defendant was indicted and charged with one count of murder in the second degree (depraved indifference murder) in August 2005. In full satisfaction of that charge, defendant entered into a plea agreement that included a waiver of the right to appeal, pursuant to the terms of which defendant pleaded guilty to the reduced charge of assault in the first degree (depraved indifference assault). Consistent with that agreement, County Court thereafter sentenced defendant, as an admitted second felony offender, to 14 years in prison followed by five years of postrelease supervision, to be served consecutively to the sentence defendant then was serving. Defendant now appeals.
Although defendant filed a notice of appeal from the judgment of conviction in April 2006, he did not perfect his appeal in this Court until August 2015. The reasons underlying defendant's delay in so doing are not readily apparent.
Defendant first contends that his purported waiver of the right to appeal was not knowing, intelligent and voluntary. We agree. Although County Court elicited an oral appeal waiver from defendant, the court neither explained the meaning thereof nor inquired as to whether defendant had discussed the waiver of his appellate rights with counsel (see People v. Ashlaw, 126 A.D.3d 1236, 1237, 5 N.Y.S.3d 614 2015 ). Similarly, while defendant signed a written appeal waiver in open court, County Court did not ask whether defendant had read the waiver, was aware of its contents or—again—had discussed it with counsel. Accordingly, we are unable to conclude that defendant appreciated the consequences of the waiver (see People v. Elmer, 19 N.Y.3d 501, 510, 950 N.Y.S.2d 77, 973 N.E.2d 172 2012; People v. Rabideau, 130 A.D.3d 1094, 1094–1095, 12 N.Y.S.3d 386 2015; People v. Ashlaw, 126 A.D.3d at 1237, 5 N.Y.S.3d 614; People v. Vences, 125 A.D.3d 1050, 1051–1052, 3 N.Y.S.3d 185 2015 ).
Defendant next challenges the factual sufficiency of his plea, arguing that County Court failed to elicit sufficient facts to show that he acted with a depraved indifference to human life. This argument, however, is unpreserved for our review absent record evidence that defendant made an appropriate postallocution motion (see People v. Atkinson, 124 A.D.3d 1149, 1150, 2 N.Y.S.3d 687 2015, lv. denied 25 N.Y.3d 949, 7 N.Y.S.3d 278, 30 N.E.3d 169 2015; People v. Sylvan, 107 A.D.3d 1044, 1045, 968 N.Y.S.2d 628 2013, lv. denied 22 N.Y.3d 1141, 983 N.Y.S.2d 500, 6 N.E.3d 619 2014 ). Contrary to defendant's assertion, the narrow exception to the preservation requirement was not triggered here, “as defendant made no statements during the plea allocution that negated an element of the crime or otherwise called into doubt his guilt or the voluntariness of his plea” (People v. Richardson, 132 A.D.3d 1022, 1023, 17 N.Y.S.3d 196 2015; see People v. Atkinson, 124 A.D.3d at 1150, 2 N.Y.S.3d 687; People v. Rouse, 119 A.D.3d 1161, 1162–1163, 989 N.Y.S.2d 395 2014 ). To the extent that defendant faults County Court for not more fully exploring the depraved indifference element of the crime during the course of the plea colloquy, “defendant was not required to recite the elements of his crime or engage in a factual exposition” (People v. White, 84 A.D.3d 1641, 1641, 923 N.Y.S.2d 371 2011 [internal quotation marks and citation omitted], lv. denied 18 N.Y.3d 887, 939 N.Y.S.2d 757, 963 N.E.2d 134 2012; accord People v. Rouse, 119 A.D.3d at 1163, 989 N.Y.S.2d 395). In any event, we are satisfied that defendant's affirmative and unequivocal responses to County Court's inquiries were sufficient to establish the elements of the subject crime (cf. People v. Anderson, 38 A.D.3d 1061, 1062, 831 N.Y.S.2d 582 2007, lv. denied 8 N.Y.3d 981, 838 N.Y.S.2d 484, 869 N.E.2d 660 2007 ).
Finally, in light of the invalid appeal waiver, defendant's challenge to the sentence imposed as harsh and excessive is not precluded. That said, we are not persuaded that a reduction in the agreed-upon sentence is warranted—particularly given defendant's admission that he strangled the victim, ultimately causing his death. Accordingly, the judgment of conviction is affirmed.
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.
McCARTHY, J.P., LYNCH and CLARK, JJ., concur.