Opinion
570421/16
12-18-2020
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Steven CALDERON, Defendant-Appellant.
Per Curiam.
Judgment of conviction (William McGuire, J.), rendered May 17, 2016, affirmed.
The superseding information charging criminal possession of a forged instrument in the third degree (see Penal Law § 170.20 ) was jurisdictionally valid because it set forth "nonhearsay allegations which, if true, establish every element of the offense charged and the defendant's commission thereof ... and [supplied] defendant with sufficient notice of the charged crime to satisfy the demands of due process and double jeopardy" ( People v. Wheeler , 34 NY3d 1134, 1135 [2020] [internal citations and quotation marks omitted] ). The instrument recited that defendant was operating a motor vehicle with a forged temporary registration card affixed to the windshield. The instrument also set forth the basis for the officer's knowledge, in addition to his training and experience, that the registration was forged, i.e., the registration card was not "computer generated," but was "handwritten"; it was "not printed on card-stock and instead appears to have been photocopied onto a piece of white paper"; the photocopy did not properly copy the card's watermark, resulting in an uneven and inconsistent watermark"; the handwritten information was written onto the card outside the bounds of the data boxes and overlapping with other typewritten information; and that "the original registration expiration date field has no date written into it." Moreover, when asked if the vehicle belonged to him, defendant stated "yes, I bought it months ago." However, the officer observed that the "issue date" handwritten onto the temporary registration card - March 12, 2014 - was a date "only 16 days before the date of the present incident."
Contrary to defendant's present contention, his knowledge of the forgery, an essential element of the offense, can be inferred from his actions and the surrounding circumstances (see People v. Johnson, 65 NY2d 556, 561 [1985] ), including his admitted ownership and operation of the vehicle with the forged registration (see People v. Doudoulgou , 67 Misc 3d 134[A], 2020 NY Slip Op 50503[U][App Term, 1st Dept 2020] ), the conspicuous evidence of the forgery (see People v. Bell, ––– AD3d ––––, 2020 NY Slip Op 06364 [1st Dept 2020] ), and the allegation that the registration card was affixed to the front windshield, making it visible to defendant every time he utilized the vehicle.
THIS CONSTITUTES THE DECISION AND ORDER OF THE COURT.