Opinion
June 17, 1985
Appeal from the County Court, Westchester County (Wood, J.).
Judgment affirmed.
Pursuant to a valid search warrant, over four pounds of marihuana were seized from defendant's home. Prior to being transported to the police precinct, defendant was advised of her rights pursuant to Miranda v. Arizona ( 384 U.S. 436), and she indicated that she understood those rights. Subsequently, defendant was again read the Miranda warnings at the police precinct. The arresting detective testified at the Huntley hearing that it was not his intent to question defendant at the time, but rather, only to obtain pedigree information while awaiting the arrival of a police matron. After being read the Miranda warnings for the second time, defendant indicated that she understood her rights, although she did not expressly indicate that she wished to make a statement. A few moments later, while filling out the pedigree, the arresting detective turned to another detective who was in the process of weighing the marihuana and said "[W]hat have we got there?" Defendant immediately volunteered "[t]he white bag has one pound of sensemilla, and the brown bag has three pounds of sensemilla". The detective then asked defendant what sensemilla marihuana cost, and she replied "I paid a thousand dollars a pound for it". She subsequently stated "I sell it for $75.00 a half-an-ounce". The County Court denied defendant's motion to suppress these statements. We agree.
Initially, we find that the statement made by defendant as to the weight of the marihuana is admissible as a spontaneous statement. There is no reasonable view of the evidence by which it could be said that her statement was triggered by police conduct which should reasonably have been anticipated to evoke the incriminating response ( see, Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. 291; People v. Howard, 62 A.D.2d 179, affd 47 N.Y.2d 988).
The statements as to cost and price, while not spontaneous, as they were the result of direct questioning, are nevertheless also admissible as they were made pursuant to a valid waiver of her legal rights. To be valid, a waiver need not be express. Silence, coupled with an understanding of the rights and a course of conduct indicating waiver, is sufficient ( see, North Carolina v Butler, 441 U.S. 369).
The fact that defendant was twice read the Miranda warnings and each time expressly indicated that she understood her rights, the fact that defendant was a second felony offender and thereby familiar with the criminal justice system, and the fact that defendant made a spontaneous statement just minutes after being advised of her rights, when viewed in conjunction, all indicate that a valid waiver had indeed occurred. Defendant's suppression motion was properly denied.
The other contentions raised by defendant have been examined and found to be meritless. Thompson, J.P., Bracken, Weinstein and Niehoff, JJ., concur.