Opinion
2013-05-21
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Celso ALVAREZ, Defendant–Appellant.
Robert S. Dean, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York (Susan H. Salomon of counsel), for appellant. Celso Alvarez, appellant pro se.
Robert S. Dean, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York (Susan H. Salomon of counsel), for appellant. Celso Alvarez, appellant pro se.
Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York (Susan Gliner of counsel), for respondent.
TOM, J.P., ACOSTA, RENWICK, DeGRASSE, RICHTER, JJ.
Judgment, Supreme Court, New York County (Lewis Bart Stone, J.), rendered June 22, 2010, convicting defendant, after a jury trial, of murder in the second degree, robbery in the first degree (three counts) and robbery in the second degree, and sentencing him to an aggregate term of 22 years to life, unanimously affirmed.
The verdict was not against the weight of the evidence ( see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 348–349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 [2007] ). There is no basis for disturbing the jury's credibility determinations, and its rejection of defendant's theory that he was a victim of the robbery rather than a participant. The testimony of the cooperating accomplice was amply supported by the testimony of other witnesses, as well as other evidence, including, among other things, the telephone records of defendant and his accomplices from the night of the robbery.
Defendant's claim that his counsel rendered ineffective assistance by permitting defendant to choose whether to assert the felony murder affirmative defense ( seePenal Law § 125.25[3] ) is unreviewable on direct appeal because it involve matters not reflected in, or not fully explained by, the trial record ( see People v. Rivera, 71 N.Y.2d 705, 709, 530 N.Y.S.2d 52, 525 N.E.2d 698 [1988];People v. Love, 57 N.Y.2d 998, 457 N.Y.S.2d 238, 443 N.E.2d 486 [1982] ). The record is unclear as to whether counsel waived this defense solely at defendant's request, or “after consulting with and weighing the accused's views along with other relevant considerations” ( People v. Colville, 20 N.Y.3d 20, 32, 955 N.Y.S.2d 799, 979 N.E.2d 1125 [2012] ). On the existing record, to the extent it permits review, we find that defendant received effective assistance under the state and federal standards ( see People v. Benevento, 91 N.Y.2d 708, 713–714, 674 N.Y.S.2d 629, 697 N.E.2d 584 [1998];see also Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 [1984] ). Even assuming counsel deferred to defendant's wishes with regard to asserting the affirmative defense, it was objectively reasonable for counsel to do so, given the nature of an affirmative defense ( see People v. Petrovich, 87 N.Y.2d 961, 963, 641 N.Y.S.2d 592, 664 N.E.2d 503 [1996];see also Colville, 20 N.Y.3d at 31–32, 955 N.Y.S.2d 799, 979 N.E.2d 1125 [2012] ).
Defendant's pro se ineffective assistance arguments are likewise unreviewable because they turn on matters outside the record; to the extent the record permits review of these arguments, we find them to be without merit. We have considered and rejected defendant's other pro se claims.
We perceive no basis for reducing the sentence.