Summary
In Otto v. Whearty, 27 N.E.2d 190 (Ohio App.), a Cleveland ordinance which, under prescribed conditions, purported to give the right of way at street intersections to funeral processions was held invalid as in conflict with general statutory law relating to traffic lights at intersections.
Summary of this case from Cogdell v. TaylorOpinion
Decided January 22, 1940.
Municipal corporations — Traffic regulations — Ordinance in conflict with general law, invalid — Vehicles in funeral procession — Right of way at intersections having traffic lights — Negligence.
1. The provision of a city ordinance that "All motor vehicles forming a funeral procession * * * shall have the right of way over all other vehicles * * * at any street or highway intersection * * *," insofar as it applies to street intersections having traffic signals, is in conflict with the provision of Section 6310-35, General Code, which states that motor vehicles "shall obey all automatic traffic signals," and to that extent invalid.
2. A person driving an automobile in a funeral procession, who enters a street intersection while the red or stop signal is displayed against him, and collides with an automobile entering the intersection on the green or go signal, cannot, in a negligence action arising from such collision, rely upon a city ordinance giving him the right of way at intersections, which ordinance is invalid, being in conflict with Section 6310-35, General Code.
APPEAL: Court of Appeals for Cuyahoga county.
Messrs. Sims Rich, for appellee.
Messrs. Moran Craig, for appellant.
This is an appeal from a judgment of the conciliation branch of the Municipal Court of Cleveland.
The facts in this case are not in dispute. On the afternoon of February 27, 1939, the defendant, driving south on West 117th street in the city of Cleveland, approached the intersection of that street with Berea road. While the defendant was between 150 and 200 feet distant from the intersection the traffic signal became green for cars driving south on West 117th street, and red for cars travelling on Berea road. The defendant, relying upon the traffic light showing green, continued through the intersection until he collided with the car driven by the plaintiff, at a point directly under the traffic light. The plaintiff was proceeding in a funeral procession which at the time was headed toward a church where funeral services were to be held before proceeding to the burial ground. At least one car in the funeral procession, preceding the car driven by the plaintiff, also passed through the intersection while the traffic light was red for traffic travelling in the direction the funeral procession was going. At this intersection there is a wall which made it difficult for a car going south on West 117th street toward the intersection to see a car approaching the intersection on Berea road from the southwest. Defendant testified that he did not see the funeral tag which was displayed on the windshield of the plaintiff's car and he did not see that the plaintiff's car was in a funeral procession.
No policeman was stationed at the intersection to warn cars on West 117th street that a funeral procession was proceeding through the intersection on Berea road.
A jury having been waived, the trial court held that Section 2445-4, Municipal Code of Cleveland, gave the plaintiff's car the absolute right of way through the intersection, because it was being driven in a funeral procession, irrespective of the condition of the traffic light, and that therefore, "the defendant was guilty of negligence since he had the duty to yield the right of way to the funeral procession whether he knew it was a funeral procession or not."
Section 2445-4, Municipal Code of Cleveland, is as follows:
"All motor vehicles forming a funeral procession, when going to any place of burial, shall have the right of way over all other vehicles, except authorized emergency vehicles, at any street or highway intersection provided that each vehicle in such funeral procession shall have conspicuously displayed on the front thereof a suitable sign of the form and design approved by the Commissioner of Traffic."
Section 6310-35, General Code, is as follows:
"Pedestrians and drivers of vehicles shall obey and abide by all signals, signs, whistles and directions of police officers, and shall obey all automatic traffic signals."
The question in this case is whether the above Section 2445-4, Municipal Code of Cleveland, insofar as it applies to street intersections having traffic lights, is in conflict with Section 6310-35, General Code, under Section 3, Article XVIII of the Constitution of Ohio, which grants municipalities, "authority to exercise all powers of local self-government and to adopt and enforce within their limits such local police, sanitary and other similar regulations, as are not in conflict with general laws."
Paragraph 2 of the syllabus of Village of Struthers v. Sokol, 108 Ohio St. 263, 140 N.E. 519, is as follows:
"In determining whether an ordinance is in 'conflict' with general laws, the test is whether the ordinance permits or licenses that which the statute forbids and prohibits, and vice versa."
For this reason, an ordinance of a municipality which prescribes a manner of driving or rate of speed of automobiles, in conflict with the provisions of the general laws, has been held to be invalid. Schneiderman v. Sesanstein, 121 Ohio St. 80, 167 N.E. 158. This case was approved and followed in Schwartz, Admx., v. Badila, Jr., 133 Ohio St. 441, 14 N.E.2d 609.
"It is not negligence for a person, entering a street intersection with the 'go' traffic signal, to rely upon all persons from a cross street, who are not at the time in the intersection, observing the 'stop' signal, so long as it is against them." Cleveland Ry. Co. v. Goldman, 122 Ohio St. 73, 170 N.E. 641.
"One seated in an automobile who instructs the driver to proceed across a street intersection with the traffic signal in his favor is entitled to rely upon the observance of the signal by all persons against whom the signal is operating." Henderson v. Cleveland Ry. Co., 123 Ohio St. 468, 175 N.E. 863.
The effect of Section 2445-4, Municipal Code of Cleveland, as construed by the trial court, is to introduce an exception to Section 6310-35, General Code, not found in the section itself. If Section 2445-4, Municipal Code of Cleveland, is a valid ordinance, and is held to apply to all street intersections in Cleveland, including those having traffic lights, then Section 6310-35, General Code, must be construed to mean that drivers of vehicles shall obey all traffic signals with the exception that such drivers in a funeral procession in Cleveland are privileged to disregard the statute of the state. There is no such exception stated in Section 6310-35, General Code, or in any other section of the General Code, so that Section 2445-4, Municipal Code of Cleveland, insofar as it applies to street intersections with traffic signals, is squarely in conflict with Section 6310-35, General Code.
For the reasons given above, it is the opinion of the majority of this court that this judgment should be reversed and final judgment entered for the defendant.
Judgment reversed.
TERRELL, P.J., concurs.
LIEGHLEY, J., dissents.