Opinion
December Term, 1841.
1. A husband cannot obtain a divorce from his wife on the ground of adultery committed by her after a separation, if such separation has been occasioned by the fault or at the instigation of the husband.
2. A party applying for a divorce is bound by his admission, in the pleadings or on record, of facts which legally bar his application, even though a jury, on issues submitted to them, find a verdict in contradiction of such facts.
APPEAL from Manly, J., at Fall Term, 1841, of MACON.
No counsel appeared for petitioner.
Francis for defendant.
It was a petition filed on 25 March, 1838, by the plaintiff against his wife, for a divorce from the bonds of matrimony for the cause of the wife's adultery. It states that the circumstances of the parties were humble, and that their marriage took place in December, 1835; they "lived happily together for some time, until the wife had a child under circumstances which forced upon the petitioner's mind the conclusion, beyond a doubt, that the child was not his, but spurious; that upon that unexpected change of his fortunes the petitioner (56) determined to divulge the fact at once, and he then made known to his wife that he well knew, as she did, that her said child was not his issue, and that from thenceforth he would not receive her as his wife; upon which information the defendant, as soon as she had recovered from her indisposition (at lying in), left the petitioner's house, and hath not since returned." The petition further states that in the beginning of 1837 the petitioner left this State and was absent about one year; and then charges specifically that the defendant went to live with one W. G., and has continued to live with him in adultery ever since, and has there had another child, which is the issue of W. G., and not of the petitioner, who was absent and in a distant State at the period of conception.
The answer states that about two years before the marriage the defendant had a child of which the petitioner was the father, and so acknowledged himself to be; and that the adulterous intercourse between the parties afterwards continued up to the marriage, at which time she was again pregnant, and in about six months thereafter the second child was born. The answer then states that the defendant is unable to give a specific reply to the circumstances which, as the petitioner alleges, induced him to believe that the child was not his, for the reason that in the petition none of those circumstances are set forth. And it further states that about one month after the birth of that child the petitioner drove the defendant from his house in the manner stated in the petition; and it avers that from her marriage up to that time she had no criminal conversation with any man, but lived chastely. Upon the trial it was admitted by the parties that before their marriage the defendant was the kept mistress of the petitioner, and that they had one child; and also that when they intermarried she was pregnant of a second child, and that upon the birth of it a dispute arose between them upon the paternity of that child, whereupon the wife left her husband's house. Upon issues to a jury, they found that the defendant separated herself from her husband and lived in aduletry [adultery] with W. G.; that the petitioner did not allow of his wife's prostitution, nor expose her to lewd company, (57) whereby she was ensnared to the said crime, nor admit her into conjugal society after he knew of the criminal fact.
The cause then coming to be heard upon the pleadings, admissions of the parties, and finding of the jury, the petitioner moved thereupon for a divorce from the bonds of matrimony. But the presiding judge declared his opinion that it was not fit to grant that motion, and, no other being made, the petition was dismissed with costs. From this decree the petitioner appealed to the Supreme Court.
This case presents no new legal question; but the decision seems to be sustained by the previous adjudications of this Court.
The libel is not founded on antenuptial want of chastity nor on the alleged imposition on the husband from his supposing himself to be the father of the child of which his wife was pregnant at their marriage, when in fact it was the offspring of some other man. If it had been thus founded, Scroggins v. Scroggins, 14 N.C. 535, would have been an answer to it. The gist of the complaint is the subsequent adultery of the wife; and that is established. Her previous impurity is brought forward to account for and justify, on the part of the husband, the state of separation, during which this undoubted criminality of the wife arose. In that point of view it was properly stated as a material part of the plaintiff's case; for, as the statute provides that if "either party has separated him or herself from the other, and is living in adultery, the injured party may obtain a divorce," it follows, if the criminal fact has arisen wholly during a separation of the parties, that the occasion of the separation ought to be stated, so as to show that the party applying did not cause the separation, but was injured by it as well as by the adultery. Hence in Whittington v. Whittington, 19 N.C. 64, we held that adultery by the wife, after abandonment by the husband, would not (58) found a decree for a divorce in his favor; and, indeed, that the marriage could not be dissolved at the instance of the party to whom default in any of the essential duties of married life is fairly imputable. Among the most essential of those duties is conjugal society; both in being stipulated for in contracting the relation of man and wife and as a wholesome restraint upon and an effective protection against those passions and weaknesses to which both sexes are in some degree subject. When, therefore, a divorce is sought, for a cause supervening separation, it must be inquired whether that cause probably grew out of the separation, and whether the separation was the act, and, so, the fault of both the parties, or of one of them, and which.
Applying these principles to the case before us, the decision must be against the plaintiff.
It is true the jury have said the wife separated herself from her husband, and have exonerated him from the imputation of connivance, and it must be granted thereupon that prima facie it is to be taken that upon the wife rests the fault of the separation, as well as that of her subsequent incontinence. But upon the whole record that effect cannot be given to the finding of the jury, because it is inconsistent with the facts pleaded in the libel or otherwise admitted by the plaintiff on the record. The statute, indeed, requires all the materials facts charged in the libel to be submitted to a jury, upon whose verdict, and not otherwise, the court is to decree. Rev. Stat., ch. 39, sec. 5. But that obviously means those facts upon which the plaintiff founds his or her right to a divorce. The purpose is to prevent collusion between the parties; and hence a divorce is not to be granted upon facts admitted in the pleadings or on the trial, but only on facts pleaded, proved, and found by a jury. But although a divorce can never be granted on such admissions, yet it is quite clear that it may and must be refused upon the ground of the admission by the party applying for it of such facts as legally bar the application. It is a general rule that a party is concluded by the statement of his own pleadings, and, therefore, that a verdict contradictory to them is naught. But, as the Legislature leans against divorces, the statute has introduced an exception to that rule thus far, (59) namely, that admissions shall not authorize a decree for a divorce. The same reason renders the general rule applicable, and with peculiar force, to admissions by the plaintiff of facts adverse to the divorce sought; and, therefore, it is to be seen how far the facts found by the jury are consistent with those stated or admitted by the petitioner. We think, not withstanding the verdit, that in this case it is established by the admissions of the plaintiff that the separation was not the act of the wife merely and exclusively, or even principally her fault, but that it was contemplated, desired, and intended by the husband, and was chiefly his act, and without any sufficient causes as yet made apparent.
The libel states explicitly that upon the birth of the second child (with which the defendant was pregnant at her marriage) the husband told his wife "that from thenceforth he would never receive her as his wife," and this repudiation was founded entirely upon the declaration he then made, that he was not the father of the child. Upon that point a controversy existed between them; he denying and she affirming that the child was his. The result of that controversy was that he abjured the connection in the terms just mentioned; and "upon that information" the wife, as soon as she was able, left her husband's house. What else did the husband expect or wish? Their circumstances were narrow and rendered their joint labor needful for their support and that of their children. When people are in that condition, and the wife is charged by the husband with prostitution and imposing on him a spurious issue, and is told by him that he will never receive her as a wife, what else is she to understand but that they cannot have the same home, and that she must leave her husband's house and seek a home elsewhere? This defendant says that she did so understand the petitioner; for the answer states that "he drove her from his house." It seems to us that she understood him correctly; for, besides the plain sense of his language, there are the facts that he made no effort to detain her in the first instance, or to induce her return, although it is not intimated in the (60) libel that her departure was unknown to him or her place of retreat concealed from him. Indeed, it is not unnatural, if he really believed she was the wanton he alleged, that he should desire to be freed from her society and relieved from her maintenance. The libel states as a fact that the plaintiff was not the father of the child, and thus states it as an excuse for the harsh sentence pronounced on the wife immediately after her confinement. The very manner and occasion of bringing that matter forward afford, therefore, the true interpretation of the plaintiff's language to his wife. They show his wish to get clear of her society and to drive her from his house. If, indeed, the plaintiff had informed us of the circumstances which established beyond a doubt in his mind that he was not the father of the child, and had shown their existence by proof, there might be some plausible ground to palliate, to some extent, the act of expelling his wife from his dwelling. But we need not consider the effect of such proof, for the case is utterly destitute of evidence on the point, and an issue on it was not even asked for. Therefore, we are obliged to say that in any legal or just sense it cannot be held that the wife separated herself from her husband, for that implies that it was without his concurrence, or, at least, not at his instigation or command. And we must further say that, without proof to the contrary, the legal presumptions of innocence on the part of the wife, and of the legitimacy of a child born in wedlock, must stand, and repel that part of the accusation against the defendant.
As the Court must take the case, then, it is that the plaintiff, without any reasonable cause, forced his wife to leave his house, and to leave it with a character tainted by the unhappy connection to which he had seduced her before the marriage, and now unjustly ruined by his own false charge of infidelity to him; and that he then left the State for a year, without making any provision for her, and without her having, as far as appears, any friends to whom she might look for support or shelter, but obliged to gain a subsistence for herself and her children in the best way she could. In such a case, might not the husband, on his return, expect to find that a woman, thus seduced, traduced, degraded, destitute, and abandoned, had yielded to temptations to which, in her weakness and necessity, he had been the occasion of exposing (61) her?
We think, therefore, that immoral and criminal as the conduct of the wife has been, if furnishes no sufficient ground to dissolve the marriage. The husband also wants merits. By his own unfounded accusation and cruel expulsion of his wife from his roof he, probably, may have caused the "criminal fact" which forms the gravamen of the libel.
PER CURIAM. Decree dismissing the petition affirmed with costs.
Cited: Wood v. Wood, 27 N.C. 680, 681; Tew v. Tew, 80 N.C. 318; Steel v. Steel, 140 N.C. 635; Ellett v. Ellett, 157 N.C. 164; Cooke v. Cooke, 164 N.C. 282.