Opinion
2011-08-2
Theodora MORILLE–HINDS, respondent,v.Alfred HINDS, appellant.
Dikman & Dikman, Lake Success, N.Y. (David S. Dikman of counsel), for appellant.
Dikman & Dikman, Lake Success, N.Y. (David S. Dikman of counsel), for appellant.
In an action for a divorce and ancillary relief, the defendant appeals, as limited by his brief, from stated portions of a judgment of the Supreme Court, Queens County (Gartenstein, J.H.O.), entered June 15, 2010, which, upon a decision of the same court dated October 16, 2009, made after a nonjury trial, inter alia, awarded him only 15% of the value of the parties' real property, the plaintiff's retirement accounts, and certain bank accounts, and imputed an annual income to him in the sum of $80,000 for the purpose of his child support obligation, and thereupon directed him to pay child support in the sum of $233 per week.
ORDERED that the judgment is reversed insofar as appealed from, on the law, on the facts, and in the exercise of discretion, with costs, and the matter is remitted to the Supreme Court, Queens County, for further proceedings consistent herewith and for the entry of an appropriate amended judgment thereafter.
The guiding principle of equitable distribution is that “both parties in a matrimonial action are entitled to fundamental fairness in the allocation of marital assets, and that the economic and noneconomic contributions of each spouse are to be taken into account” ( Holterman v. Holterman, 3 N.Y.3d 1, 8, 781 N.Y.S.2d 458, 814 N.E.2d 765). The factors a court must consider in distributing marital property are set forth in Domestic Relations Law § 236(B)(5)(d). “ ‘In fashioning an award of equitable distribution, the Supreme Court is required to discuss the statutory factors it relied upon in distributing marital property’ ” ( Spera v. Spera, 71 A.D.3d 661, 662, 898 N.Y.S.2d 548, quoting
Milnes v. Milnes, 50 A.D.3d 750, 750, 857 N.Y.S.2d 168; see Domestic Relations Law § 236[B][5] [g] ). Nevertheless, “ ‘[w]here it is evident that the Supreme Court considered all relevant factors and the reasons for its decision are articulated, the court is not required to specifically cite to and analyze each statutory factor’ ” ( Spera v. Spera, 71 A.D.3d at 662, 898 N.Y.S.2d 548, quoting Milnes v. Milnes, 50 A.D.3d at 750, 857 N.Y.S.2d 168). Although this Court has the same power to distribute marital property as the trial court ( see O'Brien v. O'Brien, 66 N.Y.2d 576, 589, 498 N.Y.S.2d 743, 489 N.E.2d 712; Kobylack v. Kobylack, 62 N.Y.2d 399, 403, 477 N.Y.S.2d 109, 465 N.E.2d 829; Spera v. Spera, 71 A.D.3d at 662, 898 N.Y.S.2d 548), “absent a detailed record of the reasoning employed by the Supreme Court,” this Court may “remit the matter to the Supreme Court for a new determination based on findings of fact in compliance with Domestic Relations Law § 236(B)(5)(g)” ( Rossi v. Rossi, 137 A.D.2d 590, 591, 524 N.Y.S.2d 482; see O'Brien v. O'Brien, 66 N.Y.2d at 589, 498 N.Y.S.2d 743, 489 N.E.2d 712; McLoughlin v. McLoughlin, 74 A.D.3d 911, 915, 903 N.Y.S.2d 467; Gape v. Gape, 110 A.D.2d 621, 622, 487 N.Y.S.2d 111).
Here, the Supreme Court failed to set forth the factors it considered in distributing the parties' property, instead making only conclusory assertions regarding the defendant's contribution to the value of marital estate which were not supported by the record ( see McLoughlin v. McLoughlin, 74 A.D.3d at 915, 903 N.Y.S.2d 467; Rossi v. Rossi, 137 A.D.2d 590, 524 N.Y.S.2d 482; Domestic Relations Law § 236[B][5][g] ). Moreover, the Supreme Court improperly disregarded unrefuted record evidence that, through his skilled labor, the defendant made significant contributions to the value of the parties' real property ( see Johnson v. Chapin, 12 N.Y.3d 461, 466, 881 N.Y.S.2d 373, 909 N.E.2d 66; Dougherty v. Dougherty, 256 A.D.2d 714, 715, 680 N.Y.S.2d 759; Cincotta v. Cincotta, 221 A.D.2d 306, 307, 633 N.Y.S.2d 527; Domestic Relations Law § 236[B][5][d][7] ). Likewise, although the Supreme Court summarily dismissed the defendant's contentions in connection with his contributions to child care, its findings are not consistent with the record. The defendant's contribution to the care of the parties' child should have been considered in fashioning an equitable distribution of the marital assets (see Domestic Relations Law § 236[B][5] [d][7]; Holterman v. Holterman, 3 N.Y.3d at 8–9, 781 N.Y.S.2d 458, 814 N.E.2d 765; Granade–Bastuck v. Bastuck, 249 A.D.2d 444, 445, 671 N.Y.S.2d 512; Kaplinsky v. Kaplinsky, 198 A.D.2d 212, 213, 603 N.Y.S.2d 574; but see Naimollah v. De Ugarte, 18 A.D.3d 268, 269, 795 N.Y.S.2d 525 ). Accordingly, the matter must be remitted to the Supreme Court, Queens County, for a new determination regarding the equitable distribution of assets for which the defendant received only 15% of the value.
In setting a party's child support obligation, a court “is not bound by a party's actual reported income,” but may instead base the party's obligation upon his or her “actual earning capacity” ( Matter of Solis v. Marmolejos, 50 A.D.3d 691, 692, 855 N.Y.S.2d 584; see Matter of Muselevichus v. Muselevichus, 40 A.D.3d 997, 998–999, 836 N.Y.S.2d 661). The imputed income may properly be based upon “a parent's prior employment experience ... or the income such parent is capable of earning by honest efforts, given his [or her] education and opportunities” ( Matter of Bibicoff v. Orfanakis, 48 A.D.3d 680, 681, 852 N.Y.S.2d 324 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Matter of Genender v. Genender, 51 A.D.3d 669, 670, 858 N.Y.S.2d 673;
Matter of Thompson v. Perez, 42 A.D.3d 503, 504, 838 N.Y.S.2d 789). In so doing, a court is afforded “considerable discretion” ( Matter of Julianska v. Majewski, 78 A.D.3d 1182, 1183, 911 N.Y.S.2d 655). However, “the calculation of the party's earning potential must have some basis in law and fact” ( Gezelter v. Shoshani, 283 A.D.2d 455, 456, 724 N.Y.S.2d 481).
While a trial court's credibility determinations are entitled to great deference on appeal ( see Matter of Julianska v. Majewski, 78 A.D.3d at 1183, 911 N.Y.S.2d 655; Matter of Donato v. Donato, 43 A.D.3d 920, 921, 841 N.Y.S.2d 660; Matter of Musarra v. Musarra, 28 A.D.3d 668, 669, 814 N.Y.S.2d 657), the Supreme Court's determination that the defendant could earn $80,000 annually lacks support in the record ( compare Gezelter v. Shoshani, 283 A.D.2d at 456–457, 724 N.Y.S.2d 481). Likewise, the Supreme Court failed to discuss the manner in which it calculated support on parental income in excess of $80,000 annually or the factors which it considered. Accordingly, the matter must also be remitted to the Supreme Court, Queens County, for a new calculation of the defendant's child support obligation and arrears, if any ( see Family Ct. Act § 413[1][c][3]; Matter of Cassano v. Cassano, 85 N.Y.2d 649, 654, 628 N.Y.S.2d 10, 651 N.E.2d 878; Matter of Miller v. Miller, 55 A.D.3d 1267, 1268–1269, 864 N.Y.S.2d 624; Matter of Byrne v. Byrne, 46 A.D.3d 812, 814, 848 N.Y.S.2d 319; Mercer v. Mercer, 4 A.D.3d 508, 510, 772 N.Y.S.2d 372; Matter of Wienands v. Hedlund, 305 A.D.2d 692, 693, 762 N.Y.S.2d 90; Matter of Gluckman v. Qua, 253 A.D.2d 267, 270–271, 687 N.Y.S.2d 460).