Opinion
1066 CAF 16–02075
01-31-2020
In the Matter of Estelle MINER, Petitioner–Respondent, v. Carlos J. TORRES, Respondent–Appellant. In the Matter of Carlos J. Torres, Petitioner–Appellant, v. Diane M. Rodriguez, Respondent–Respondent. (APPEAL NO. 1.)
EVELYNE A. O'SULLIVAN, EAST AMHERST, FOR RESPONDENT–APPELLANT AND PETITIONER–APPELLANT. CHARLES J. GREENBERG, AMHERST, FOR RESPONDENT–RESPONDENT. CENTER FOR ELDER LAW & JUSTICE, BUFFALO (DAVID A. SHAPIRO OF COUNSEL), FOR PETITIONER–RESPONDENT. DAVID C. SCHOPP, THE LEGAL AID BUREAU OF BUFFALO, INC., BUFFALO (JANE YOON OF COUNSEL), ATTORNEY FOR THE CHILD.
EVELYNE A. O'SULLIVAN, EAST AMHERST, FOR RESPONDENT–APPELLANT AND PETITIONER–APPELLANT.
CHARLES J. GREENBERG, AMHERST, FOR RESPONDENT–RESPONDENT.
CENTER FOR ELDER LAW & JUSTICE, BUFFALO (DAVID A. SHAPIRO OF COUNSEL), FOR PETITIONER–RESPONDENT.
DAVID C. SCHOPP, THE LEGAL AID BUREAU OF BUFFALO, INC., BUFFALO (JANE YOON OF COUNSEL), ATTORNEY FOR THE CHILD.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., PERADOTTO, DEJOSEPH, NEMOYER, AND WINSLOW, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs. Memorandum: In appeal No. 1, respondent-petitioner father appeals from an order that, inter alia, awarded custody of the subject child to the child's maternal grandmother (petitioner). In appeal No. 2, the father appeals from an order dismissing his custody petition against respondent Erie County Children's Services (ECCS).
With respect to appeal No. 1, the father contends that the Referee lacked the authority to render the custody determination because ECCS did not sign the stipulation for Family Court to refer the matter to a referee to hear and determine the issues raised therein. We reject that contention inasmuch as ECCS is not a party to either of the two petitions that were the subject of the stipulation of reference (see CPLR 2104, 4317[a] ). We further conclude that the father, who along with the other parties to those petitions stipulated to the reference in the manner prescribed by CPLR 2104, consented to the scope of the stipulation.
The father's challenge in appeal No. 1 to the temporary custody order is raised for the first time on appeal and thus is not preserved for our review (see generally Matter of Annabella C. [Sandra C.], 169 A.D.3d 1432, 1433, 91 N.Y.S.3d 760 (4th Dept. 2019) ; Matter of Jaydalee P. [Codilee R.], 156 A.D.3d 1477, 1477, 67 N.Y.S.3d 371 (4th Dept. 2017), lv denied 31 N.Y.3d 904, 78 N.Y.S.3d 710, 103 N.E.3d 781 [2018] ). In any event, that challenge has been rendered moot by the issuance of the final custody order (see Matter of Shonyo v. Shonyo, 151 A.D.3d 1595, 1597, 56 N.Y.S.3d 390 (4th Dept. 2017), lv denied 30 N.Y.3d 901, 67 N.Y.S.3d 127, 89 N.E.3d 517 [2017] ).
We reject the further contention of the father in appeal No. 1 that the finding of extraordinary circumstances is not supported by the record. Affording great deference to the determination of the hearing court with its superior ability to evaluate the credibility of the testifying witnesses (see Matter of Cross v. Caswell, 113 A.D.3d 1107, 1107, 977 N.Y.S.2d 853 (4th Dept. 2014) ), we conclude that the finding of extraordinary circumstances is supported by evidence of the father's abandonment of his parental rights and responsibilities with respect to the child and his history of domestic violence (see Matter of McNeil v. Deering, 120 A.D.3d 1581, 1582, 992 N.Y.S.2d 810 (4th Dept. 2014), lv. denied 24 N.Y.3d 911, 1 N.Y.S.3d 6, 25 N.E.3d 343 [2014] ; Matter of Barnes v. Evans, 79 A.D.3d 1723, 1723–1724, 914 N.Y.S.2d 487 (4th Dept. 2010), lv denied 16 N.Y.3d 711, 923 N.Y.S.2d 415, 947 N.E.2d 1194 [2011] ).
Here, the evidence at the hearing established that the father was voluntarily absent from the child's life starting when she was eight months old and that he made minimal efforts thereafter to maintain a relationship with the child (see Matter of Greeley v. Tucker, 150 A.D.3d 1646, 1647, 54 N.Y.S.3d 247 (4th Dept. 2017) ; see also Matter of Rodriguez v. Delacruz–Swan, 100 A.D.3d 1286, 1289, 954 N.Y.S.2d 692 (3d Dept. 2012) ; cf. Matter of Tyrrell v. Tyrrell, 67 A.D.2d 247, 249–251, 415 N.Y.S.2d 723 (4th Dept. 1979), affd 47 N.Y.2d 937, 419 N.Y.S.2d 969, 393 N.E.2d 1041 [1979] ). At most, the father spoke to the child by telephone twice during the five months that elapsed between his departure from the home he shared with respondent mother and the child and the subsequent removal of the child from the home. When he learned of the removal, the father refused the mother's request that he take the child, and the child was instead briefly placed with a relative of her half-sisters.
After the child was placed with petitioner, the father took no steps to engage in the child's life and even avoided the efforts of his own family members to facilitate his visitation with the child. The father's own testimony at the hearing established that, at the time he sought custody, he was not a caregiver for the child, had not been visiting the child, and had not been a part of the child's life for half of her 16 months.
The finding of extraordinary circumstances was further supported by evidence of the father's history of domestic violence, including violence toward the mother, which took place in the presence of another child and while the mother was pregnant with the subject child, violence toward the mother of one of the father's other children, and also violence toward children (see McNeil, 120 A.D.3d at 1582, 992 N.Y.S.2d 810 ). Notably, the father acknowledged during his testimony that he had failed to comply with the terms of an order of protection in favor of one of his other children.
To the extent that the father challenges the best interests determination, we conclude that the record also supports the determination that the award of custody to petitioner was in the child's best interests (see Matter of Jackson v. Euson, 153 A.D.3d 1655, 1656, 61 N.Y.S.3d 415 (4th Dept. 2017) ).
Finally, we dismiss the appeal from the order in appeal No. 2 inasmuch as the father has not raised any contentions with respect to that order (see Matter of Dawley v. Dawley, (Appeal No. 2), 144 A.D.3d 1501, 1502, 40 N.Y.S.3d 863 (4th Dept. 2016)).