Opinion
Decided March 24, 1930.
Negligence — Limitation of actions — Section 11224-1, General Code — Two-year limitation inapplicable where action commenced before statute effective — Landlord and tenant — Guest of tenant injured falling down unlighted stairway — Handrail and lights not provided — Section 1006, General Code, and Section 405, Toledo Ordinances — Pleading — Unnecessary to negative contributory negligence, when — Inference of contributory negligence not raised, when — Place of public resort pleaded, when.
1. Where injuries were sustained June 26, 1925, and statute of limitations became effective August 2, 1927, action commenced June 28, 1927, is not barred (Section 11224-1, General Code [112 Ohio Laws, 237]).
2. In personal injury action, averment in petition negativing contributory negligence is not required unless other averments suggest inference of contributory negligence.
3. Pleading charging fall, caused directly by defendant's negligence, on unlighted apartment house stairway, not provided with handrail, did not raise inference of contributory negligence.
4. Under statute requiring owner to provide handrail for stairs, and ordinance requiring him to light stairway, pleading charging guest's fall on unlighted stairway, not provided with handrail, stated cause of action.
5. In action by tenant's guest against landlord for fall on stairway, averment that apartment was used as place of public resort, with landlord's knowledge, is proper (Section 1006, General Code).
ERROR: Court of Appeals for Lucas county.
Mr. H. Joe Cannon and Mr. Carl A. Brandes, for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Tyler, McMahon, Smith Wilson, for defendant in error.
On June 28, 1927, Thomas McGoldrick commenced an action to recover damages for personal injury against Herman C. Kuebler, averring that the injuries were sustained on June 26, 1925. Later an amended petition was filed, and on motion the amended petition was stricken from the files, and at a subsequent date a final judgment was rendered against the plaintiff dismissing the action and for costs.
It is insisted that the cause of action was barred by Section 11224-1, General Code, as amended (112 Ohio Laws, 237), which became effective August 2, 1927. This contention cannot be sustained in view of the syllabus of the Supreme Court in the case of Smith v. New York Central Rd. Co., 122 Ohio St. 45, 170 N.E. 637.
It is further urged that the amended petition does not state a cause of action. The averments show that the plaintiff became a guest of Edward Ketchell in the apartment occupied by him on the second floor of a two-story apartment building in Toledo, which was owned by the defendant, Herman C. Kuebler, and that access to and from the apartment was had by means of a hall and stairway. The pleading avers that there was no handrail provided and maintained for the stairway, and no light of any kind, and that by reason of the failure and neglect of the defendant to provide and maintain for a stairway a substantial handrail, and by reason of his failure to provide and maintain artificial light so located as to amply light the stairway, the plaintiff was injured in leaving the apartment by the stairway about 9 o'clock at night, and that he missed a step on the stairway and fell to the bottom, sustaining serious injury.
The plaintiff pleads also the existence of an ordinance of the city of Toledo, known as Section 405, which requires the owner or lessor of tenement houses, flats, and apartment houses having two or more apartments to provide artificial light properly located to light the stairways and corridors therein, and requiring the light to be kept burning during the full period of darkness. The amended petition also contains an averment that the violation of the ordinance proximately caused the plaintiff's injuries, and that no handrail was provided for the stairway by the defendant at the time the premises were leased or at any time thereafter.
Nowhere in the amended petition is there an averment to the effect that the injury was caused without the fault or negligence of the plaintiff, but under the authority of Street Railway Co. v. Nolthenius, 40 Ohio St. 376, such an averment is not required unless the other averments of the pleading suggest an inference that the plaintiff may have been guilty of contributory negligence. While the pleading is not very specific, it does charge that the injuries were directly caused by reason of the failure and neglect of the defendant in the respects named. We think the language of the pleading does not raise an inference of negligence on the part of the plaintiff, and hence there was no implication of contributory negligence for him to negative.
Section 1006, General Code, requires the owner of a tenement house or apartment to provide and maintain for stairs and stairways a substantial handrail extending from the top to the bottom thereof. The duty being cast upon the owner by ordinance to light the stairway, and by statute to provide a handrail therefor, this court is of the opinion that the pleading states a good cause of action. While the circumstances relating to contributory negligence may properly be developed in the trial, as was done or attempted in the case of Flury v. Central Publishing House, 118 Ohio St. 154, 160 N.E. 679, and Painesville Utopia Theatre Co. v. Lautermilch, 118 Ohio St. 167, 160 N.E. 683, yet they do not appear in the pleading under review.
The case of Goodall v. Deters, 121 Ohio St. 432, 169 N.E. 443, decided by the Supreme Court December 11, 1929, was a case in which there does not appear to have been any statute or ordinance casting a duty upon the owner of the premises.
Paragraph 7 of the amended petition was erroneously stricken therefrom by order of the trial court. While some parts of the paragraph may have been immaterial, yet it contains the averment that the apartment was used as a place of public resort to which the public in great numbers were accustomed to go for social enjoyment, and that this was with the knowledge of the defendant. The section of the General Code already cited requires the owner to provide handrails for stairways in places of public resort, and the allegation was proper.
For the reasons given the judgment will be reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded.
WILLIAMS and LLOYD, JJ., concur.