Opinion
Argued May 29, 1986
Decided June 5, 1986
Appeal from the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court in the First Judicial Department, Judith Sheindlin, J.
Burt Grayman, Carol Goldstein and Lenore Gittis for Eric W., appellant.
Carol Goldstein and Lenore Gittis for Arthur L. and Dwayne R., appellants.
Frederick A.O. Schwarz, Jr., Corporation Counsel (Trudi Mara Schleifer and Francis F. Caputo of counsel), for respondent in first above-entitled proceeding.
Robert M. Morgenthau, District Attorney (Barbara A. Sheehan and Norman Barclay of counsel), for respondent in second above-entitled proceeding.
Mario Merola, District Attorney (Kevin D. McLoone and Billie Manning of counsel), for respondent in third above-entitled proceeding.
MEMORANDUM.
The appeals in these three cases should be dismissed upon the ground that no substantial constitutional question is involved.
In each of these juvenile delinquency proceedings, the appellant, a juvenile under 16 years of age, was charged with having committed an act which, if done by an adult, would have constituted a crime (see, Family Ct Act art 3). In each case, Family Court held a brief Wade or Huntley hearing, well under an hour in length, followed immediately by a fact-finding hearing lasting no longer than two hours. In two of the cases, one witness testified at the pretrial hearing; in the third, three witnesses testified. All pretrial witnesses then testified at the fact-finding hearings. In each case the Judge and counsel were the same at the pretrial and the fact-finding hearings. In Eric W. and Arthur L. defense counsel informed the court at the beginning of the Wade hearings that they wanted copies of transcripts of the hearings, as well as adjournments of the fact-finding hearings to permit transcription, and unsuccessfully renewed those requests immediately prior to the fact-finding hearings. In Dwayne R. counsel first requested a transcript of the Huntley hearing and an adjournment to permit transcription at the beginning of the fact-finding hearing, which the court denied.
In each case appellant was adjudicated a juvenile delinquent, and on appeal from the Family Court order of disposition, the Appellate Division affirmed, without opinion. The appeals have been taken to this court on constitutional grounds pursuant to CPLR 5601 (b) (1). Each appellant urges that the trial court erred when it refused to grant an adjournment of the fact-finding hearing so that he could obtain a transcript of the pretrial hearing. Ordinarily, of course, the decision whether to grant an adjournment of trial is within the sound discretion of the trial court and not of constitutional dimension. Appellants argue, however, that a constitutional question is involved because they were entitled, as a matter of due process, to transcripts of pretrial proceedings, and that the failure to provide transcripts denied them fair trials (see, People ex rel. Cadogan v McMann, 24 N.Y.2d 233; People v Ballott, 20 N.Y.2d 600; People v Rosario, 9 N.Y.2d 286, cert denied 368 U.S. 866).
The appeals should be dismissed. In Dwayne R. the purported constitutional issue has not been preserved for review. As we made clear in People v Sanders ( 31 N.Y.2d 463, 467), a defendant must "make his request for a transcript of the minutes of any pretrial hearing prior to its conclusion." No such request was made in the case of Dwayne R.
Although we have stated that "an indigent defendant has a 'fundamental constitutional right' to a free transcript of the minutes of a pretrial suppression hearing" (People v Sanders, 31 N.Y.2d 463, 466, supra, quoting People v West, 29 N.Y.2d 728, 729; see, People v Peacock, 31 N.Y.2d 907; People v Zabrocky, 26 N.Y.2d 530, 536; cf. People v Ballott, 20 N.Y.2d 600, 604, supra), such cases stand for the proposition that, where a defendant with funds is entitled to procure a pretrial transcript, the equal protection clauses of the State and Federal Constitutions (NY Const, art I, § 11; US Const, 14th Amend, § 1) afford an indigent defendant a similar right. Equal protection is not implicated here, and appellant's due process claims are without basis. On the facts presented, the denial of trial adjournments was not even an abuse of discretion. The complainants, appellants, witnesses, attorneys and Judges were present in court and able to proceed without delay, as indeed they did. Neither appellant claims that there was any prejudice in proceeding from the brief pretrial proceedings to the brief fact-finding hearings involving the same witnesses, counsel and Judge. Nor was any right of appellants under Family Court Act § 331.4 (1) (a) violated by a failure to make available transcripts which the presentment agency itself did not have. We therefore need not consider whether noncompliance with that statute could constitute a due process violation.
In each case: Appeal dismissed, without costs, in a memorandum.