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holding that "the rationale of Heck applies to Bivens actions."
Summary of this case from Lopez v. United StatesOpinion
No. 95-36118
The panel unanimously finds this case suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed.R.App.P. 34(a); 9th Cir. R. 34-4.
Filed July 3, 1996
Christopher John Martin, Sheridan, Oregon, for plaintiff-appellant.
No appearance for defendant-appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington. Barbara J. Rothstein, District Judge, Presiding.
D.C. No. CV-95-00763-BJR.
Before: John T. Noonan, Jr., Edward Leavy, and A. Wallace Tashima, Circuit Judges.
Federal prisoner Christopher John Martin appeals pro se the district court's dismissal, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d), of his Bivens action for damages alleging that United States Probation Officer Mark W. Sias acted outside his authority in supervising Martin's parole. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents, 403 U.S. 388 (1971).
We review a district court's dismissal pursuant to section 1915(d) for abuse of discretion. Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 33 (1992); Trimble v. City of Santa Rosa, 49 F.3d 583, 584 (9th Cir. 1995).
If a complaint filed by a prisoner proceeding in forma pauperis is frivolous, a federal district court may dismiss the action pursuant to section 1915(d). A complaint "is frivolous where it lacks an arguable basis in either law or in fact." Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989); Cato v. United States, 70 F.3d 1103, 1106 (9th Cir. 1995).
In Heck v. Humphrey, 114 S.Ct. 2364 (1994), the Supreme Court held "that, in order to recover damages for allegedly unconstitutional conviction or imprisonment, or for other harm caused by actions whose unlawfulness would render a conviction or sentence invalid, a § 1983 plaintiff must prove that the conviction or sentence has been" previously invalidated. Id. at 2372 (footnote omitted). Although Heck involved a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and Martin brought a Bivens action, this court has stated that "[a]ctions under § 1983 and those under Bivens are identical save for the replacement of a state actor under § 1983 by a federal actor under Bivens." Van Strum v. Lawn, 940 F.2d 406, 409 (9th Cir. 1991).
We join the other federal circuits that have addressed this issue, and hold that the rationale of Heck applies to Bivens actions. Cf. Williams v. Hill, 74 F.3d 1339, 1340 (D.C. Cir. 1996) (per curiam); Abella v. Rubino, 63 F.3d 1063, 1065 (11th Cir. 1995) (per curiam); Tavarez v. Reno, 54 F.3d 109, 110 (2d Cir. 1995) (per curiam); Stephenson v. Reno, 28 F.3d 26, 27 (5th Cir. 1994) (per curiam). Accordingly, because a judgment in favor of Martin would necessarily imply the invalidity of his sentence, and because Martin did not show that his sentence has been invalidated, the district court properly dismissed this action.
AFFIRMED.