Opinion
A21A0629
05-10-2021
MANCUSO v. JACKSON.
Peter B. Mancuso, pro se. Nguyen & Pham, Ethan P. Pham, Tangela S. Richmond, for appellee.
Peter B. Mancuso, pro se.
Nguyen & Pham, Ethan P. Pham, Tangela S. Richmond, for appellee.
Markle, Judge. Pro se appellant Peter B. Mancuso, as executor of the estate of Marcia V. Briscoe, appeals from the trial court's order disbursing excess tax sale funds in this interpleader action, pursuant to OCGA § 48-4-5 (b), contending that the trial court erred by violating his right to a jury trial. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
"The interpretation of a statute is a question of law, which is reviewed de novo on appeal." (Citation and punctuation omitted.) American Gen. Life & Acc. Ins. Co. v. Vance , 297 Ga. App. 677, 678 S.E.2d 135 (2009).
On May 6, 2014, Fulton County sheriff Theodore Jackson conducted a nonjudicial tax sale of the property located at 154 Stafford Street Southwest in Atlanta for unpaid taxes. More than five years later, the sheriff filed this interpleader action to determine entitlement to the excess funds from the sale, in the amount of $7,720.05, and thereafter deposited the funds into the court's registry at the trial court's direction. The sheriff named the estates of Marc V. Briscoe and Marcia V. Briscoe; RMCD Investors, LLC; Investa Services of Georgia, LLC; Investa Services, LLC; and the Fulton County Tax Commissioner as respondents with a potential interest in the funds. Only Mancuso, in his capacity as the executor of the estate of Marcia Briscoe, and Investa Services, LLC, asserted claims to the excess funds. Mancuso also brought counterclaims against the sheriff for abusive litigation and breach of legal duty, and demanded a jury trial.
In Mancuso v. TDGA, LLC , 301 Ga. 671, 802 S.E.2d 248 (2017), the Supreme Court of Georgia affirmed the trial court's order quieting title to the property in favor of the purchaser at the tax sale.
The sheriff moved for judgment on the pleadings, to be discharged from the proceedings, and for an award of $3,876 for attorney fees and costs related to bringing the interpleader. Mancuso responded to the motion, and again demanded a jury trial. The trial court granted the sheriff's motion, specifically finding that the sheriff was relieved of any further liability with regard to the proceeds from the tax sale. However, Mancuso objected to the order, again asserting his right to a jury trial.
Following a hearing, the trial court issued a final order, in which it affirmed its prior ruling on the sheriff's motion for judgment on the pleadings. Specifically, the trial court found that the sheriff was authorized to bring this interpleader, pursuant to OCGA § 48-4-5 (b). Additionally, the trial court awarded $1,698.68 to the Investa entities to compensate for payment of the 2013 ad valorem taxes and sanitation fees, with the remainder going to the estate of Marcia Briscoe. This appeal followed.
In his sole enumeration of error, Mancuso contends that the trial court erred by holding a bench trial to determine entitlement to the excess funds despite his several demands for a jury trial. We conclude that this argument is belied by the plain language of the applicable statute.
To begin, OCGA § 9-11-38 provides that "[t]he right of trial by jury as declared by the Constitution of the state or as given by a statute of the state shall be preserved to the parties inviolate." However, it is well settled that there is no constitutional right to a jury trial in equity cases in Georgia. Williams v. Overstreet , 230 Ga. 112, 115 (III), 195 S.E.2d 906 (1973) ; Ellis v. Stanford , 256 Ga. App. 294, 297 (4), 568 S.E.2d 157 (2002). Despite Mancuso's assertions to the contrary, the present action sounds in equity. See OCGA §§ 23-3-90 (a) ; 48-4-5 (a); see also DLT List, LLC v. M7VEN Supportive Housing & Dev. Group , 301 Ga. 131, 132, 800 S.E.2d 362 (2017) (noting that the tax commissioner filed an "equitable interpleader" to determine entitlement to excess funds following a tax sale). Therefore, in the absence of a constitutional right, Mancuso has a right to a jury trial only if such right is bestowed by statute. Williams , 230 Ga. at 115 (III), 195 S.E.2d 906 ; OCGA § 9-11-38.
Generally, "there is no statutory right to trial by jury in equity cases." Cawthon v. Douglas County , 248 Ga. 760, 763 (1), 286 S.E.2d 30 (1982). Turning to the statute at issue here, OCGA § 48-4-5 (b) provides, in pertinent part:
The ... sheriff, or other officer may file, when deemed necessary, an interpleader action in superior court for the payment of the amount of such excess funds. Such excess funds shall be distributed by the superior court to the intended parties, including the owner, as their interests appear and in the order of priority in which their interests exist. ...
(Emphasis supplied.) Applying the rules of statutory construction, we first consider the terms of the statute, "giving words their plain and ordinary meaning, and where the plain language of a statute is clear and susceptible of only one reasonable construction, we must construe the statute according to its terms." (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Fulton-DeKalb Hosp. Auth. v. Hickson , 351 Ga. App. 221, 223, 830 S.E.2d 582 (2019).
Under the plain language of the statute at issue here, it is for the trial court to apportion the excess funds according to the priority of the claimants’ interests. OCGA § 48-4-5 (b). Thus, by its own terms, OCGA § 48-4-5 confers no right to a jury trial in an interpleader action resulting from a tax sale.
In support of his contention that he was entitled to a jury trial, Mancuso relies on Stamps v. JFB Properties, LLC , 287 Ga. 124, 694 S.E.2d 649 (2010). In that case involving an interpleader action filed by an insurer, one of the parties claiming a right to the proceeds from the life insurance policy brought a fraud claim against the others based on the existence of a confidential relationship. Id. at 124-126, 694 S.E.2d 649. The case was submitted to a jury to determine the fraud claim. Id. at 125, 694 S.E.2d 649. However, Stamps is distinguishable from the case at hand because it did not implicate OCGA § 48-4-5 (b), and there is no factual question for a jury to resolve here. Compare Tankersley v. Barker , 286 Ga. App. 788, 790 (1), 651 S.E.2d 435 (2007) (involving a cause of action for fraud and noting "[t]he existence of a confidential relationship is a question for the jury"). In its final order, the trial court noted that Mancuso proffered no evidence to counter Investa's claim to the funds. To the extent that Mancuso challenged the authority of the sheriff to bring the interpleader, that issue was a question of statutory interpretation for the trial court. Vance , 297 Ga. App. at 677, 678 S.E.2d 135 ; OCGA § 48-4-5 (b) (authorizing the filing of an interpleader in these circumstances). Thus, there was nothing for a jury to decide. Because Mancuso was not entitled to a jury trial, the trial court did not err by holding a bench trial to resolve this matter. We therefore affirm the judgment of the trial court.
It appears that the final hearing was not recorded. Mancuso bore the burden of preparing the transcript, and in its absence, "we must presume that the trial court's findings were proper and supported by competent evidence." Mosley v. Loan Servicing Enterprise , 241 Ga. App. 182, 525 S.E.2d 381 (1999).
In his reply brief, Mancuso contends that his counterclaims are still pending, and he is therefore entitled to a jury trial. However, "this Court will not consider arguments raised for the first time in a reply brief." Moore v. Lovein Funeral Home, Inc. , 358 Ga. App. 10, 12, n. 5, 852 S.E.2d 876, 879, n. 5 (2020). Even so, this argument is belied by the record. The trial court granted the sheriff's motion for judgment on the pleadings, precluding any liability for the counterclaims. The trial court then reaffirmed this ruling in its final order, in which it both mentioned the counterclaims and found that the sheriff was statutorily authorized to bring the present action; thus, precluding Mancuso's claims for abusive litigation and breach of legal duty. See Mosley , 241 Ga. App. at 182, 525 S.E.2d 381 (finding that the trial court considered counterclaims asserted in a bench trial based on its final order).
Judgment affirmed.
Barnes, P. J., and Gobeil, J., concur.