Opinion
No. 01-03-01108-CV
Opinion Issued February 3, 2005. DO NOT PUBLISH. Tex.R.App.P. 47.2(b).
On Appeal from the 215th District Court, Harris County, Texas, Trial Court Cause No. 2002-35101.
Panel consists of Justices NUCHIA, JENNINGS, and ALCALA.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellants, Atkins, Harris, Brown, L.L.C., Retail Collection Services, L.L.C., Bennet Blow, Steven Guignard, and Raymond Charles Rae (collectively, "the Atkins defendants") challenge the finality of the trial court's order granting the Atkins defendants' no-evidence summary judgment motion against appellee, Samuel Luster Jr. In a single issue, the Atkins defendants contend that the trial court erred in entering a "final" judgment rather than a partial summary judgment. Alternatively, the Atkins defendants contend that the trial court did not enter a final, appealable judgment. We dismiss the appeal for want of jurisdiction.
Procedural Background
Luster sued the Atkins defendants for conversion, breach of statutory duty, an accounting, and injunctive relief. Luster asserted additional claims against Blow, Guignard, and Rae for breach of contract, breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing, and fraud. In their answer, the Atkins defendants included counterclaims against Luster for declaratory judgment, breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, and fraud. The Atkins defendants then filed a no-evidence summary judgment motion, which addressed only the claims asserted against them by Luster. The no-evidence summary judgment motion did not address the Atkins defendants' counterclaims for affirmative relief against Luster, and Luster did not file a cross-motion for summary judgment on his own claims or on the Atkins defendants' counterclaims.
On July 24, 2003, the trial court signed an "Order Granting Summary Judgment Motion," which reads in part as follows:
After considering the No Evidence Motion for Summary Judgment, the Response, and the arguments of counsel, the Court finds that the Defendants' No Evidence Motion is meritorious and should be granted. Accordingly, it is hereby ordered that Defendants' No Evidence Motion for Summary Judgment is granted.
The Court orders that plaintiff take nothing by his suit against all defendants herein.
This is a final judgment.
Thereafter, Luster filed a motion for new trial. Subsequently, the Atkins defendants filed a "Motion to Modify, Correct, or Reform Order or, Alternatively, a Motion for a Limited New Trial," which asked the trial court to either strike the statement "This is a final judgment" or to grant a new trial regarding only the Atkins defendants' counterclaims for affirmative relief against Luster. In its motion, the Atkins defendants asserted that the trial court's order was not a final and appealable judgment because the order did not refer to the Atkins defendants' counterclaims or otherwise state that the order disposed of all parties and all claims. Both Luster's and the Atkins defendants' motions were overruled by operation of law.
On October 17, 2003, Luster filed a notice of appeal, and, in response, on November 10, 2003, the Atkins defendants filed a cross-notice of appeal "in an abundance of caution." However, on March 25, 2004, this court granted Luster's motion to dismiss his appeal, but the Atkins defendants proceeded with their cross-appeal. Thereafter, the Atkins defendants were re-designated as the "appellants," and Luster was re-designated as the "appellee."
Finality of the Judgment
The Atkins defendants argue that the trial court's order granting their no-evidence summary judgment motion "should be reversed to the extent that the statement `This is a final order' disposes of [the Atkins defendants'] claims against [Luster], because such claims were not before the trial court at summary judgment." Alternatively, the Atkins defendants argue that the trial court's order granting their summary judgment was not a final and appealable judgment because the order did not address the Atkins defendants' counterclaims against Luster.
It is well-established that, in general, an appeal may be taken only from a final judgment; that is, a judgment that disposes of all pending parties and claims. Lehmann v. Har-Con Corp., 39 S.W.3d 191, 195 (Tex. 2001). Absent a conventional trial on the merits, a judgment is final "if and only if either it actually disposes of all claims and parties then before the court, regardless of its language, or it states with unmistakable clarity that it is a final judgment as to all claims and all parties." Id. at 192-93. The law does not require that a final judgment be in any particular form. Id. at 195. The language of an order or judgment can make it final, even though it should have been interlocutory, if that language expressly disposes of all claims and all parties. Id. at 200. If the intent to finally dispose of the case is clear, "then the order is final and appealable, even though the record does not provide an adequate basis for rendition of judgment." Id. Granting more relief than necessary makes the order reversible but not interlocutory. Id. at 204. However, in Lehmann, the court conceded that, to determine whether an order disposes of all pending claims and parties, an appellate court may also look to the record from the court below. Id. at 205-06. Therefore, whether a decree is a final judgment must be determined from its language and the record in the case. Id. at 195.
The order at issue here contains the phrase, "This is a final judgment." However,"[a]n order does not dispose of all claims and all parties merely because it is entitled `final,' or because the word `final' appears elsewhere in the order. . . ." Id. at 205. Thus, we conclude that the phrase, "This is a final judgment," does not indicate with "unmistakable clarity" an intent that the judgment be final as to the Atkins defendants' counterclaims against Luster. See id. at 192-93. Additionally, the record reveals that the Atkins defendants' no-evidence summary judgment motion addressed only Luster's claims against the Atkins defendants and did not include the Atkins defendants' counterclaims against Luster. Furthermore, there is no evidence in the record that the trial court disposed of the Atkins defendants' counterclaims elsewhere. Because the order granting summary judgment did not adjudicate all the claims before the trial court, we hold that the order is interlocutory and does not constitute a final and appealable judgment.
Conclusion
Because the language of the trial court's judgment does not render it final and because there is no indication in the record that the trial court disposed of the Atkins defendants' counterclaims, we dismiss the appeal for want of jurisdiction.