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holding that the plaintiff's explanation fell short of the good cause showing needed to amend his complaint by failing to "assert punitive damages in time to comply with the Court's scheduling order, as [he] apparently could have easily done with due diligence"
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Civil Action No. 06-1386 (RCL).
December 15, 2008.
James S. Bubar, Washington, DC, Charles Robert Bacharach, Gordon, Feinblatt, Rothman, Hoffberger Hollander, Baltimore, MD, for Plaintiff.
R. Michael Smith, Charles Robert Bacharach, Gordon Feinblatt Rothman Hoffberger Hollander LLC, Baltimore, MD, for Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
I. INTRODUCTION
Now before the Court is plaintiff Lurie's motion [34] for leave to file an amended complaint. Upon consideration of the motion, the defendant Mid-Atlantic Permanente's opposition [35], the reply [37], applicable law, and the entire record herein, the plaintiff's motion will be DENIED.
II. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On August 4, 2006, plaintiff filed his complaint. (Docket entry [1].) The defendant filed an answer and asserted a counterclaim on September 5, 2006. (Docket entry [2].) After several motions, the Court entered a scheduling order on September 26, 2007. (Docket entry [21].) Although some of the deadlines were modified by later orders, the deadline for moving for joinder of additional parties and amendment of pleadings was October 26, 2007, and neither party subsequently asked to extend that deadline until the present motion. Discovery ended on October 8, 2008. (Minute Order, August 7, 2008.) After the close of discovery, more than two years after the defendant's answer, and more than a year after the Court's deadline for filing an amended complaint, the plaintiff filed the current motion, asking the Court to allow the plaintiff to file an amended complaint in which it alleges punitive damages. For the following reasons, the plaintiff's request will be denied.
The present motion for leave to file an amended complaint was filed on October 20, 2008.
III. ANALYSIS
A. Applicable Law
The plaintiff asserts that Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15 is applicable to the present motion, in which the Federal Rules state that "[t]he court should freely give leave [to amend a complaint] when justice so requires." (Mot. 2.); Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(a)(2). The defendant, on the other hand, contends that the Court should apply the "good cause" standard of Rule 16 because the plaintiff is moving to amend the complaint well after the deadline set in the Court's scheduling order. (Def.'s Opp'n 2.)
Because the defendant has already filed an answer, the plaintiff cannot amend as a matter of course.
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 16(b)(4) states that a scheduling order "may be modified only for good cause and with the judge's consent."
Although the D.C. Circuit has apparently not decided whether the Rule 15 or Rule 16 standard applies to a motion for leave to amend a pleading after a scheduling order deadline has passed, the Court, in accordance with a previous decision of this Court, agrees with the defendant that the good cause standard of Rule 16 applies. Robinson v. Detroit News, Inc., 211 F. Supp. 2d 101, 114 (D.D.C. 2002) (Urbina, J.). The Fourth Circuit, in a recent opinion, noted the tension between Rule 15(a) and Rule 16(b) after the scheduling order deadline for amending pleadings has passed and concluded, in accordance with other circuits, that the good cause standard of Rule 16(b) applies:
Given their heavy case loads, district courts require the effective case management tools provided by Rule 16. Therefore, after the deadlines provided by a scheduling order have passed, the good cause standard must be satisfied to justify leave to amend the pleadings. This result is consistent with rulings of other circuits. See O'Connell v. Hyatt Hotels of Puerto Rico, 357 F.3d 152 (1st Cir. 2004); Enters. v. SouthTrust Bank of Ala., 315 F.3d 533, 536 (5th Cir. 2003); Leary v. Daeschner, 349 F.3d 888, 906 (6th Cir. 2003); In re Milk Prods. Antitrust Litig., 195 F.3d 430, 437-28 (8th Cir. 1999); Sosa v. Airprint Sys., Inc., 133 F.3d 1417, 1419 (11th Cir. 1998).Nourison Rug Corp. v. Parvizian, 535 F.3d 295, 298 (4th Cir. 2008). To hold otherwise would allow Rule 16's standards to be "short circuited" by those of Rule 15 and would allow for parties to disregard scheduling orders, which would "undermine the court's ability to control its docket, disrupt the agreed-upon course of the litigation, and reward the indolent and the cavalier." Leary v. Daeschner, 349 F.3d 888, 906 (6th Cir. 2003) (citing Johnson v. Mammoth Recreations, Inc., 975 F.2d 604, 610 (9th Cir. 1992)). The First Circuit similarly explained its preference for the Rule 16(b) standard in this situation because "litigants cannot be permitted to treat a scheduling order as a frivolous piece of paper idly entered, which can be cavalierly disregarded without peril." O'Connell v. Hyatt Hotels of Puerto Rico, 357 F.3d at 155.
Accordingly, because the "good cause" standard applies, the Court's inquiry must focus on the reasons the plaintiff has given for his delay instead of the substance of the proposed amendment. See id. at 299 (refusing to address whether the amendment to the complaint would be "futile," because futility is a Rule 15(a) consideration, not a Rule 16(b) consideration). As explained by one federal court, "Rule 16(b)'s good cause standard focuses on the timeliness of the amendment and the reasons for its tardy submission." Rassoull v. Maximus, Inc., 209 F.R.D. 372, 374 (D. Md. 2002). See also O'Connell, 357 F.3d at 155.
B. Plaintiff's Explanation does not Constitute "Good Cause"
In this case, the plaintiff's explanation for the tardy amendment is that "Defendant is seeking relief under its own counterclaim which includes punitive damages. Plaintiff would like to add punitive damages to his claim, as well." (Mot. 1.) The plaintiff's explanation falls woefully short of the "good cause" required for allowing a plaintiff to amend a complaint under Rule 16(b). This explanation fails to explain why plaintiff did not assert punitive damages in time to comply with the Court's scheduling order, as it apparently could have easily done with due diligence. Allowing the plaintiff to add claims merely so that it can engage in a tit-for-tat litigation strategy surely is not what the Federal Rules mean by "good cause." The plaintiff's inadequate explanation, combined with the fact that the motion for leave to file an amended complaint was filed almost a year after the Court's deadline, two years after the defendant's answer, and two weeks after the close of discovery, leads the Court to conclude that the plaintiff cannot amend his complaint under the Rule 16(b) "good cause" standard. In sum, Lurie did not comply with the Court's scheduling order and failed to explain his tardiness with good cause.
In Nourison, the recent 4th Circuit case that dealt with this issue, that court rejected a similar attempt by a party to amend a pleading after the scheduling order deadline had passed. 535 F.3d at 298. In that case, a defendant explained his failure to amend his answer by the scheduling order deadline by stating that he realized a new defense was available after rereading the documents in the case. Id. The Fourth Circuit summarily rejected this explanation for tardiness, ruling that it fell " far short of what is required to satisfy the good cause standard, and the District Court thus properly denied the motion." Id. (emphasis added). Similarly, the plaintiff in this case offers no explanation for failing to assert punitive damages other than that he did not think of punitive damages until the defendant raised the issue. Like the Court in Nourison, this Court finds that this explanation falls far short of good cause. See also O'Connell v. Hyatt Hotels of Puerto Rico, 357 F.3d 152, 155 (1st Cir. 2004) (affirming district court's denial of leave to amend because an explanation that the plaintiff did not amend by the deadline because of "circumstances not within their control" did not establish good cause).
The inadequacy of this explanation is compounded by the fact that the defendant asserted a counterclaim in which it requested punitive damages over two years before the plaintiff filed a motion asking to amend his complaint so that he could also make claims for punitive damages. (Docket entry 2 at 12.)
Allowing the plaintiff in this case to amend his complaint after the close of discovery may also prejudice the defendant. The defendant already conducted discovery unaware that the plaintiff would be asserting claims that included punitive damages. As a result, the Court would either have to reopen discovery, which would further delay this case, or have to force the defendant to proceed on the basis of discovery that was obtained before it was fully aware of the allegations and the relief requested.
IV. CONCLUSION
The deadline for amending the pleadings in this matter was October 26, 2007. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 16(b), the pleadings may now only be amended for "good cause." The plaintiff's assertion that he wants to amend the pleadings to include a request for punitive damages because the defendant's counterclaims include a request for punitive damages does not constitute good cause. Accordingly, the plaintiff's motion to amend his complaint will be DENIED.
A separate order will issue this date.
SO ORDERED.