Opinion
(December Term, 1855.)
Payments made by one of several obligors to a bond, in the absence of the other, before the expiration of the time necessary to create the presumption of payment, will prevent such presumption from arising, as well in respect of the absent obligor, as of him that made the payment.
ACTION of DEBT, tried before his Honor, Judge DICK, at a Special Term of Moore Superior Court, November 1855.
No counsel appeared for plaintiff.
Kelly and Haughton, for defendants.
The plaintiff declared on a bond, payable one day after date, to his testator for $276.90, dated 8th of January, 1835, purporting to be executed by the two defendants. The execution of the instrument was not denied, but the defendants put in the plea of payment, and relied on the presumption created by the lapse of time. The action was brought in 1853.
In 1841, a credit of $20 was entered on the back of the bond, and on the 19th of September, 1845, another credit of $308.90 was also entered on the bond upon a payment made by Jesse Sowell, in the absence of the other defendant.
His Honor charged the jury "that although more than ten years had expired from the time the bond was due, until the time the credit was entered on 19th of September, 1845, if the defendant Jesse Sowell then admitted the bond, or any part of it, to be due, such admission would take the case out of the operation of the statute, and the plaintiff would be entitled to recover the balance due on the said bond. Whether he had made such admissions on 19th of September, 1845, was for them to decide."
"The Court further charged the jury, that as there was no evidence that E. Q. Sowell had ever said, or done, anything to take the case out of the operation of the statutes, the law raised the presumption of payment for him, and he was entitled to their verdict."
To this charge the defendant excepted.
The jury found a verdict against Jesse Sowell for the unpaid remainder of the bond, and a verdict in favor of E. Q. Sowell.
Judgment, and appeal by plaintiff.
The distinction between barring an action by the "statute of limitations," and by the plea of "payment," on the presumption created by the Act of 1826, is plain.
In regard to the former, it is an old and well settled doctrine, that in actions on promises, the bar of the statute of limitations may be met by proof of a new promise, or admissions equivalent thereto; so, it may well be, that while the statute is a bar as to one defendant in an action upon a joint and several promise, it may not be a bar as to another, who by admission, or otherwise, has put it in the power of the plaintiff to prevent the operation of the statute as to him. In regard to the latter, this cannot be so; for the action is debt on specialty, the plea is payment, and the question is as to the proof relied on to rebut the presumption. In an action on a joint and several bond, the idea that a plea of payment can be true as to one, and not true as to another defendant, necessarily involves a contradiction; because payment by one obligor discharges the debt, and in the very nature of things must support the plea as to all of the obligors.
An action may be barred as to one defendant, and not as to another; but a debt cannot be paid as to one defendant, and be unpaid as to another.
Upon the face of the record now before us, there is this repugnancy: the jury find that the bond sued on has been paid by one of the obligors, and still that it remains unpaid as to the other!!
In 1841, while on the Superior Court bench, on the supposition that there was evidence to repel the presumption of payment in regard to one of the defendants, I instructed the jury, if the presumption was not repelled also in regard to the other defendant, they should find the issue on the plea of payment in favor of both; for if the presumption held as to one, payment by him discharged the debt. This ruling was approved by the Supreme Court, and the distinction is taken between matter which extinguishes the debt, and that which is only a bar to the remedy. Buie v. Buie, 2 Ire. Rep. 87.
In our case, before the expiration of the time necessary to raise the presumption, one of the defendants made, not a colorable, but a substantial, and very considerable, payment. Such a payment, according to McKeethan v. Atkinson, 1 Jones' Rep. 421, takes the case out of the rule of presumptions, as to all the defendants, and of the reason on which it is founded; for, as all of the defendants are discharged if there is a presumption of payment by one, the result would be that if the principal debtor makes payments on the debt, and pays up the interest annually, after the expiration of ten years the sureties may insist the law raises a presumption in their favor that the entire debt has been paid, whereby they are discharged, and as a consequence the principal debtor also. Such cannot be the Law!!
We suppose his Honor's attention was not called to the case of McKeethan v. Atkinson.
The late Act of the Legislature, which was read at the bar, applies only to the plea of the statute of limitations, and has no bearing on this case. Venire de novo.
PER CURIAM. Judgment reversed.